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The land which is now Peterborough County was originally part of Newcastle District before 1841, and the Colbourne District until 1850, the year when districts were replaced by counties in Upper Canada. At this time the United Counties of Peterborough and Victoria was created. In 1861, Victoria County was given independence from Peterborough. Peterborough County is made up of the following townships: Galway, Cavendish, Anstruther, Chandos, Harvey, Burleigh, Methuen, Ennismore, Smith, Douro, Dummer, Belmont, North Monaghan, Otonabee, and Asphodel. (taken from "Illustrated Historical Atlas of Peterborough County 1825-1875." Peterborough: The Peterborough Historical Atlas Foundation Inc., 1975.)

Victoria County, formally established in 1860, is comprised of the Townships of Bexley, Carden, Dalton, Eldon, Emily, Fenelon, Laxton, Digby, Longford, Manvers, Mariposa, Ops, Somerville, and Verulam. The town of Lindsay in Ops Township is the county seat. The County is bordered in the north by the Muskoka District, in the east by haliburton and Peterborough Counties, in the south by Lake Scugog and the Regional Municipality of Durham, and in the west by Durham and Simcoe Counties. It is 2 169 km square in area. The land in Victoria County was first opened for settlement in 1821 and the first settlers were mainly Irish, both Protestant and Catholic, and Scottish Presbyterians. By 1880, lumbering was firmly established as the main industry in the county. Quickly the region was stripped of its forests, and it wasn't until the 1920's that an interest in reforestation developed. Today, Victoria County is a prime grain producing region. As well, chemical industries and tourism make up the present day economic picture of the county. (Taken from: Mika, Nick and Helma. "Places in Ontario, Part III." Belleville: Mika Publishing Company, 1983.)

The 57th Batallion of Infantry was gazetted in 1867. In total, seven independent companies were amalgamated: three from Peterborough; one each from Ashburnham, Lakefield, Norwood, and Hastings. In May 1886, the companies stationed at Ashburnham, Keene, Norwood, and Hastings were moved to Peterborough, and the Battalion henceforth was viewed by the public as a city, not a country, unit. By General Order 105, 1900, the Battalion was designated as the 57th Regiment, Peterborough Rangers. In World War I, its members on Active Service took part in various C.E.F. Battalions. Upon reorganization in August 1920, the designation "Peterborough Rangers" was maintained. A more general reorganization of the militia occurred in 1936, where the 3rd Prince of Wales Canadian Dragoons, the 57th Peterborough Rangers, and 'C' Company of the 4th Canadian Machine Gun Battalion were amalgamated to form the Prince of Wales Rangers (Peterborough Regiment). In June 1940, the Regiment was authorized to mobilize `Headquarters Company' for service with the Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders of the 3rd Division. In August 1940, men were taken for the Active Service Force. Another mobilization for active service followed in 1942. As part of this, (May 14, 1942) the 1st Battalion went to Niagara-on-the-Lake, and thence, in June 1942, to British Columbia, and to Europe in 1944 as a reinforcement Battalion. Following the end of World War II, the 2nd Battalion was deactivated, and the 1st Battalion resumed its role as a militia unit. In 1947, the Regiment ceased to exist as an infantry unit, and became part of the Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery, being designated as the 50th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Prince of Wales Rangers, Royal Canadian Artillery. Further adjustments and reorganization ensued. On August 22, 1955, it became the 50th Medium Anti-Aircraft Regiment (the Prince of Wales Rangers), and on June 6, 1960, was reorganized and designated as the 50th Field Artillery Regiment, Prince of Wales Rangers, Royal Canadian Artillery, being equipped with the Mm. Howitzer. On July 6, 1960, the 45th Field Battalion from Lindsay was attached to the Peterborough unit; on December 16, 1964, the 14th Field Battery was amalgamated with the unit. As of March 31, 1970, the regiment was reduced to NIL strength, and was transferred to the Supplementary order of Battle.

Since the initial reservation of the Hot Springs at Banff in 1885, the Canadian Parks Service has grown to encompass more than 30 national parks, more than 70 national historic parks and major sites, and 10 historically significant canal systems. The Canadian Parks Service plans, develops, and operates National Parks and National Historic Parks and Sites. First controlled by the Dominion Lands Branch of the Department of the Interior through its Superintendent of Rocky Mountains Park, Parks became, in 1908, a unit of the Forestry branch and, in 1911, a separate entity known as the Dominion (later National) Parks Branch. From 1918 to 1966, the Canadian Wildlife Service was a unit within the National Parks Branch. In 1973, Parks acquired control of historic canals, previously under the control of several different government departments. In 1979, Parks Canada became part of the Department of the Environment and in 1988 it was renamed the Canadian Parks Service. (Taken from: "Government Archives Division: General Guide Series." Ottawa: National Archives of Canada, 1991.)

The Privy Council Office under the direction of the Clerk of the Privy Council was created to provide a secretariat to support the administrative activities of the Privy Council and to assist the President, in council business. In 1940, the operation of the Office was modernized by instituting more business-like procedures such as pre-establishing agendas for Cabinet meetings, records of Cabinet decisions taken, notification of departments concerning required action and the creation of a central filing system. In 1968, further changes to the Privy Council Office were introduced. These included an operations division to provide expanded secretarial services to the Cabinet and Cabinet committees, a Plans Division to provide services to the planning committees, and a Federal-Provincial Relations Division to provide liaison services between government departments and the provinces. (Taken from: "Government Archives Division: General Guide Series." Ottawa: Library and Archives Canada, 1991.)

The Royal Canadian Mounted Police had previously been known as the North West Mounted Police (from 1873 to 1904), and the Royal North West Mounted Police (from 1904 to 1920). On February 1, 1920, the name was changed to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. The force was established to protect and police the newly acquired lands from various threats including American annexation and various illegal activities. It was also established to help encourage settlement throughout the region. Today, the RCMP is Canada's national police force.

The Registrar General registers are registers in which all instruments including proclamations, commissions, letters patent, and other documents issued under the Great Seal and the Privy Seal of Canada, are entered. Prior to Confederation, the registration function was the responsibility of the Provincial Secretary for each province. In 1867, this responsibility was assumed by the Secretary of State. It continued in that Department until 1966 when the Register General became a separate Department. In 1967, the new Department of Consumer and Corporate Affairs took over all the duties and functions of the Registrar General.

Flavelles originated in 1860 with the partnership between J.R. Dundas and Mr. Claxton. They operated a general store on Kent Street in Lindsay, Canada West. In 1872 J.D. Flavelle, a nephew of J.R. Dundas, became a partner when Mr. Claxton retired. In 1877 W. Flavelle joined the business and the business became Dundas & Flavelle Brothers. The company expanded under the Flavelle brothers into the grain market. They acquired the controlling interest in the flour mill near Lindsay Street and called it the Flavelle Milling Company until it sold out to the Canadian Cereal Company in 1912. Around the same time a growing produce business handling eggs, butter, cheese and poultry was developed. A warehouse on King Street was built to store products and eventually branch plants in Port Perry, Belleville, Alliston, Chatham and London were established. Later on a coal and builders' supply department was added to the Lindsay business. The merchandise used in the store was purchased from England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. The first export business in eggs, butter, cheese and poultry occured in 1888 when W. Flavelle, who was a regular member on the British Isles business trips, decided that it was a good idea to ship produce and use the proceeds on future merchandise purchases. In 1895 J.R. Dundas died and his stock was purchased by other partners. In 1900 a provincial charter was obtained under the name of Dundas and Flavelles Ltd. and by 1904, with another charter, the name was changed to Flavelles Ltd. The Victoria Creamery was puchased in 1912. In 1916 the cold storage warehouse on King Street burnt to the ground while it was full of produce. Only the power house, which was in a separate brick building, was saved. A new brick warehouse, which was a cold storage and creamery, was built on the corner of Kent and Victoria Streets in 1917. After 1918 a separate charter in the name of the Lindsay Creamery Limited was obtained and the Flavelle family, who were the controlling shareholders of the business, operated the creamery for a number of years. In 1925 the business was merged with other department stores throughout Ontario and became known as Canadian Department Stores and eventually these stores were taken over by the T. Eaton Company. Flavelles had associations with Hall's Limited of Lindsay and H. R. Scott Limited of Peterborough. (Taken from: Flavelles Limited fonds. 92-003-1.) For photographs of the Sadler, Dundas & Flavelle's Flour Mill, Dundas & Flavelle Bro's store and the Dundas and Flavelle Bro's Egg House see accession 92-010 (Dorothy Choate Herriman fonds) Box 5, Folder 15.

Arbor Theatre began in Peterborough in 1976 when John Plank arrived to direct "The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-In-The-Moon Marigolds" for the Peterborough Theatre Guild. The following year, local support led to the creation of Arbor Productions and John Plank directed "Private Lives" followed by "Belle of Amherst" and "Lady Audley's Secret" in 1978. In 1979 the group was reorganized as a professional theatre company performing during the summer season at Trent University's Wenjack Theatre.

Arbor Theatre Schedule of Plays, 1977-1990

1977:

"Private Lives" by Noel Coward, Aug.11-21; directed by John Plank; set by Richard Hayman; costumes Janice Lindsay; starring Cynthia Long, Ron Young, Bill Jordan, Margot Hull, Jan Stirling

1978:

"The Belle of Amherst" by William Luce, Jan.26-29; directed by John Plank; design Janice Lindsay; starring Margot Hull

1978:

"Lady Audley's Secret" Aug. 1-13; directed by John Plank; design Janice Lindsay; starring Graham Hart, William Crane, Bill Jordan, Rosemary Sidorko, Margot Hull, Kate Cairns, Paul Morgan

1979:

"Same Time Next Year" by Bernard Slade, Jul. 10-22; directed by John Plank; design Janice Lindsay; starring Ken James and Sheila Junor-Moore

"Sleuth" by Anthony Shaffer, Jul. 24-Aug. 5; directed by John Plank; design Janice Lindsay; starring Neil Vipond, Art Burns, Philip Farrell, Ivan Newman, Roger Prunell

"A Life in the Theatre" by David Mamet, Aug. 7-19; directed by John Plank; set Roy Robitschek; costumes Janice Lindsay; starring Larry Lewis, Neil Vipond, Rob McRae

"Billy Bishop Goes To War" by John Gray, Aug. 21-Sept. 2; directed by John Gray; design Paul Williams; starring Eric Peterson; piano John Gray

1980:

"The Star Spangled Girl" by Neil Simon, July 8-19; directed by John Plank; design Roy Robitschek; starring Peter Dvorsky, Robert Searle, Rosemary Dunsmore

"Waiting For the Parade" by John Murrell, July 22-Aug.2; directed by Christopher Covert; design Roy Robitschek; starring Mary-Ann Coles, Rosemary Dunsmore, Margot Finley, Jacquie Presly, Ruth White

"A Streetcar Named Desire" by Tennessee Williams, Aug.5-16; directed by John Plank; design Barbara Matis; starring Nancy Beatty, Marcus Bruce, Mary-Ann Coles, Rosemary Dunsmore, Paul-Emile Frappier, Fred Lynch, Tim Saukiavicus, Robert Searle, Ann Stirling, John Wiseman

"The Drunkard" by W.H. Smith, Aug.19-31; directed by John Plank; design Barbara Matis; starring Nancy Beatty, Paul-Emile Frappier, Lynda Langford, Libbi McTavish, Paul Mason, Tim Saukiavicus, Robert Searle

1981:

"The Last of the Red Hot Lovers" by Neil Simon, June 23-Jul.11; directed by John Plank; set art Penson; costumes Janice Lindsay; starring Paul-Emile Frappier, Heather Ritchie, Paula Barrett, Helen Hughes

"Night Must Fall" by Emlyn Williams, Jul.14-25; directed by William Lane; set Art Penson; costumes Janice Lindsay; starring Helen Hughes, Nancy Beatty, Paul-Emile Frappier, Ruth White, Shirley Josephs, Paula Barrett, Anthony Parr, Robert Searle

"Equus" by Peter Shaffer, Jul.28-Aug.15; directed by John Plank; design Art Penson; starring John Gilbert, Nicholas Bowrin, Ellen McDermid, Heather Ritchie, Anthony Parr, Shirley Josephs, Robert Searle, Bill Jordan, Gaye Burgess, Paul Dagg, Gregory Ellwand, Christopher Greaves, Paul Ibey, Daniel Woods

"Dames At Sea" book and lyrics by George Haimsohn and Robin Miller, music by Jim Wise, Aug. 18-29; directed by John Plank; design Art Penson; starring Mary Trainer, Patti James, Ralph Small, Gaye Burgess, Blaine Parker, David McCann

1982:

"Two for the Seesaw" by William Gibson, June 17-Jul.3; directed by John Plank; design Janice Lindsay; starring Richard Blackburn, Sheila McCarthy

"I'll Be Back Before Midnight" by Peter Colley, July 8-24; directed by Simon Johnston; design Janice Lindsay; starring Ron White, Gaye Burgess, Patrick McFadden, Deborah Grover

"Blithe Spirit" by Noel Coward, July 29-Aug.14; directed by John Plank; design Janice Lindsay; starring Deborah Grover, Marion Gilsenan, John Cutts, Patrick McFadden, Gillian Wilson, Gwen Brown, Sheila McCarty

"Talley's Folly" by Lanford Wilson, Aug. 19-Sept. 4; directed by Edward Gilbert; design Janice Lindsay; starring Lubomir Mykytiuk, Deborah Kipp

1983:

"How the Other Half Loves" by Alan Ayckbourn, June 10-25; directed by Raymond Clarke; design Janice Lindsay; starring John J. Dee, Jack Mather, Elva Mai Hoover, Grant Roll, Susannah Hoffman, Charles Jolliffe, Eric Schneider

"Artichoke" by Joanna M. Glass, June 30-July 16; directed by James Roy; design Janice Lindsay; starring John J. Dee, Jack Mather, Elva Maid Hoover, Grant Roll, Susannah Hoffman, Charles Jolliffe, Eric Schneider

"Twelfth Night" by William Shakespeare, July 21-Aug.6; directed by John Plank; design Janice Lindsay; starring Geoffrey Creane, Warren Hubbard; Gregory Ellwand, Tim Gallop, Wenna Shaw, Jerry Allen, George Merner, Mary Trainor, Mark Christmann, Bob Dermer, Dorothy-Ann Haug, Michael Fawkes, Valerie Mutton, Grant Roll, David Hubank, Paul-Emile Frappier, Robin Mason, Jerry Allen

"The Caretaker" by Harold Pinter, Aug. 11-27; directed by John Plank and Michael Fawkes; design Janice Lindsay; starring John Plank, Michael Fawkes, Bernard Hopkins

"Mass Appeal" by Bill C. Davis, Sept. 1-17; directed by Neil Munro; set Roderik Mayne; costumes Janice Lindsay; starring Ron Hastings and Ron White

"Brew" by Claude Meunier, Jean-Pierre Plants, Francine Ruel, Louis Saia, Michel Cote, Marcel Gauthier, Mark Messier, Sept. 19-24; directed by and starring Marc Messier, Michel Cote, Marcel Gauthier

1984:

"Relatively Speaking" by Alan Ayckbourn, June 20-July 7; directed by John Plank; design Janice Lindsay; starring Richard Binsley, Alison MacLeod, Barrie Baldaro, Carolyn Hetherington

"We Can't Pay! We Won't Pay!" by Dario Fo, July 11-28; directed by Don Shipley; design Janice Lindsay; starring Victoria Snow, Alison MacLeod, Paul-Emile Frappier, Bernard Hopkins, Michael Caruana

"The Importance of Being Earnest" by Oscar Wilde, Aug. 1-18; directed by John Plank; design Janice Lindsay; starring Lorne Kennedy, Howard Eaton, Kimble Hall, Bernard Hopkins, Wenna Shaw, Gwen Brown, Alison MacLeod, Barrie Baldaro

"Last Call" by Morris Panych; music by Ken MacDonald, Aug. 22-Sept. 8; directed by Don Shipley; design Francine Tanguay; starring Peter Donaldson, David Sereda (pianist also)

1985:

"Private Lives" by Noel Coward; directed by J. Plank; design Janice Lindsay; starring Lorne Kennedy, Jill Frappier, Caroline Yeager, Damon Redfern, Catherine Disher

"Sea Marks" by Gardner McKay; directed by William Scouler; design Reginald Bronskill; starring Elizabeth Shepherd, Maurice Good

"Nurse Jane Goes to Hawaii" by Allan Stratton; directed by Gregory Peterson; design Margaret Coderre-Williams; starring Sharon Dyer, Virginia Roncetti, Paul-Emile Frappier, Keith Knight, Christina James, William Beddoe, Paul Wing

"Dracula" by Hamilton Dean/John L. Balderston; directed by Richard Ousounian; design Janice Lindsay; starring Kimble Hall, Anthony Bekenen, Lorne Kennedy, Nicholas Rice, Ian White, Caroline Yeager, Catherine Disher, James Battersby

1986:

"Deathtrap" by Ira Lavine; directed by David Hamblin; design Janice Lindsay; starring Brian Tree, Robert Seale, Tod Postlethwaite, Beth Robinson, Diana LeBlank

"Sister Jude" by Dave Carley; directed by Bob White; design Reginald Bronskill; starring Stephen Ouimette, Deborah Kimmett, Jacqueline Blais, Jennifer Dean, Stewart Clow

"The Mystery of Irma Vep" by Charles Ludlam; directed by J. Plank; design Julia Tribe; starring Richard Partington, Robert Seale, Dorothy Evans, Jeremy Carruthers, George Winterbotham, Agnes McCracken, Sandy Sharrif Ghandi

"Children of a Lesser God" by Mark Medoff; directed by Tod Postlethwaite; design Janice Lindsay; starring Brian Torpe, Karen Braun, Stewart Clow, Jacqueline Blais, Jennifer Dean, Syd Waldron, Darlene Laferriere

1987:

"Charley's Aunt" by Brandon Thomas; directed by J. Plank; design Terry Gunvordahl; starring Michael Lamport, Hugo Dann, Catherine Barroll, Paul Craig, Carolyn Hetherington, Janet Land, Ross Manson, Cara McDowell, Syd Waldron, Kenneth Wickes

"Salt Water Moon" by David French; directed by Linda Moore; design Terry Gunvordahl; starring Robert Wisden, Kelly Denomme

"Wait Until Dark" by Frederick Knott; directed by J. Plank; design Terry Gunvordahl; starring Frank Moore, Victor Redick, David Conne, Gabrielle Rose, James Haworth, Katie Leahy, Leslie Wood

"Letter From Wingfield Farm" by Dan Neeles; directed by Douglas Beattie; starring Rod Beattie

1988:

"Billy Bishop Goes to War" by John Gray/Eric Peterson; directed by Brian Richmond; starring David Ferry, Susan Fox

"Corpse" by Gerald Moon; directed by J. Plank; starring Michael Lamport, David Hughes, Judith McGilligan, Syd Waldron

"Midnight Madness" by Dave Carley; directed by Bill Glassco; starring John Dolan, Michelle Fisk, Graham Greene

"Wingfield's Progress" by Dan Neeles; directed by Douglas Beattie; starring Rod Beattie

1989:

"Educating Rita" by Willy Russel; directed by Charles McFarland; design Stephen Degenstein; starring Bridget O'Sullivan, John Cutts

"Gaslight" by Patrick Hamilton; directed by Charles McFarland; design Stephen Degenstein; starring Peg Christopherson, Gwen Brown, Jack Burke, Stewart Clow, Lisa Robertson, Harvey Sokoloff, Syd Waldron

"My Darling Judith" by Norm Foster; directed by Charles McFarland; design Stephen Degenstein; starring John Bayliss, Alison MacLeod, Bruce Clayton, Jill Frappier

"Mrs. Warren's Profession" by George Bernard Shaw; directed by Charles McFarland; starring Hazel Desbarats, Janet MacDonald, Hume Baugh, Richard Partington, Patricia Collins, Paul Mason

1990:

"The Sneeze" by Anton Chekhov; Adpt. Michael Frayn; directed by Charles McFarland; design Stephen Degenstein; starring Karen Agnew, Paul Bettis, Christina Collins, Ralph Small, Robert Widdowson, Peter Williams

"The Woman in Black" by Susan Hill; Adpt. Stephen Mallatratt; directed by Charles McFarland; starring Matthew Gibson, Richard Partington

"Top Girls" by Caryl Churchill; directed by Charles McFarland; design Stephen Degenstein; starring Peg Christopherson, Alison MacLeod, Louisa Martin, Maggie Nagle, Diana Reis, Lisa Robertson, Wenna Shaw

"Colours in the Storm" by Jim Betts; directed by Michael Ayoub; music director Stephen Woodjets; orchestra Ed Henderson; design Roderick Hillier; starring Ralph Small, Suzanne Bennett, Shane McPherson, Elise Dewsberry, Shelley Hanson, Michael Allen, Shelley Coopersmith

The building which housed the law office of Hall, Gillespie was originally a surveyor's office, built in 1855 by Thomas J. Dennehy on land that he had leased from Rev. Mark Burnham. Two years later, on June 27, 1857, Robert Dennistoun leased the property and building from Rev. Burnham and started a law practice. When Robert was appointed Judge of the County Court, his son, James F. Dennistoun, practiced alone until he formed a partnership called Dennistoun, Fairbairn and Cassels. When Fairbairn was elected to the Legislative Assembly, James Dennistoun and Cassels ran the law office until Cassels became the Registrar of the Supreme Court of Canada. In 1873 James Dennistoun's brother, Robert Hamilton Dennistoun, and E.H.D. Hall formed the firm of Dennistoun Bros. and Hall. In 1883 James retired and the partnership of Dennistoun Bros. and Hall was dissolved. This left Robert H. Dennistoun practicing law in the original building, while E.H.D. Hall went to Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan. When Robert H. Dennistoun died his widow asked Hall to return and take over the law practice. He took over in 1884 and practiced alone until 1887 when L.M. Hayes joined the firm. The firm was known as Messrs. Hall and Hayes until 1909 when B.D. Hall joined and it became known as Hall, Hayes and Hall. Also in 1909, a fire broke out in the offices and a number of ledgers were damaged but were able to be copied from. After this fire, a vault, two additional rooms, and an apartment over the office, were added to the building. A number of lawyers joined and left the firm as the years went by. E.H.D. Hall died in 1939 at the age of 89. B.D. Hall remained with the firm and had a succession of different partners. In 1955 J.A. Gillespie joined the firm and it became known as Hall and Gillespie. The firm was wound down, disposed of and terminated in 1993 when John A. Gillespie, the surviving partner, decided to close the practice. The practice remained, until its dissolution, in the original building where it had begun. (Taken from: 94-001-71-3.)

In 1792, the United Counties of Northumberland and Durham were officially created in a proclamation made by Lieutenant-Governor John Graves Simcoe. The proclamation divided Upper Canada in 19 Counties for representation purposes. The United Counties are bounded by Lake Ontario in the south, Hastings County in the east, Ontario County in the west and Peterborough and Victoria Counties in the north.

The Village of Hastings was incorporated in 1875. It is on the Trent Canal system partially in Northumberland County and partially in Peterborough County. In its early history lumber from the northern part of Peterborough passed through Hastings locks on its way to Lake Ontario. It originally had a foundry, a cotton factory, flouring and grist mills as well as a stone Roman Catholic Church, the Church of England and Presbyterian and Methodist Churches. (Taken from: The Illustrated Historical Atlas of Northumberland and Durham Counties, Ontario. Belleville: Mika Silk Screening Limited, 1972.)

In 1903 it was decided by the people of the village of Havelock, Ontario, that the construction of a hydro power supply plant was necessary and possible. The chosen site was located at Burnt Dam, six miles north of Havelock, in Belmont Township. It was estimated that the financial outlay to undertake this project would be $8,000. To raise the money, steps were taken to form a joint stock company to be known as the Havelock Electric Light and Power Company Ltd. Very quickly all of the stocks were sold and a generating building was constructed on the chosen site. From 1903 to 1920 the Havelock Electric Light and Power Company Ltd. supplied electricity to users in Havelock at a flat rate of $2.00 per month. In March, 1920, a contract was made with Ontario Hydro and power in the village was then supplied by the Havelock Hydro Commission. (Taken from: Hunter, Harold R. Havelock Through the Years. Belleville: Mika Publishing Company, 1990.)

The Canadian Copying House was operated by Ford & Coleman, Ameliasburgh, Ontario. The general office was located in Belleville, Ontario.

Founded in 1920 by a group of University of Toronto faculty members, Canadian Forum first began publication in October of that year. With particular emphasis on Canadian art and poetry, Canadian Forum provides a medium for public opinion on art, literature, politics, theology and science.

The Canadian Horticulturalist and Beekeeper was a periodical published by the Horticultural Publishing Company in Peterborough, Ontario. The Canadian Horticulturalist was published as early as 1881. In May of 1913 the title was changed to The Canadian Horticulturalist and Beekeeper after the Canadian Bee Journal was purchased and incorporated into the Canadian Horticulturalist. These periodicals were the official publications for the Canadian Horticultural Societies and the Ontario Bee Keeper's Associations. In 1914 it became the official publication for the New Brunswick Bee Keeper's Association. At a later date the periodical appeared to come out in three different editions--the Floral Edition, the Fruit Edition and the Beekeeping Edition--which were inserted into special sections into the "Horticulturalist". It was published once a month. The managing director was H. Bronson Cowan. In 1918 A.B.A. Cutting B.S.A. was described as a former editor and in 1921 an W.A.W. was editor. In 1918 there were two co-editors who seemed to have a little bit of difficulty getting the magazine out to its subscribers since the co-editors were in France during World War I. The magazine contained articles and illustrations pertinent to horticulture and beekeeping. It also contained advertisements for nurseries, suppliers, greenhouses, farm machinery and tools. In the later issues there were advertisements for cars.

Gordon Mackay & Company was a retail/wholesale dry goods business operating throughout Canada. It was established in 1853, by two Scotsmen, John Gordon and John Mackay, who formed a partnership for the wholesale distribution of dry-goods in the City of Hamilton, Canada West. The company was called Gordon & Mackay. In 1859, the Company moved to Toronto, first locating at Wellington Street East, and then at the corner of Bay and Front Streets. In 1899, the Company was incorporated as Gordon Mackay Co. Limited. The great fire of 1904 in Toronto destroyed the Gordon Mackay warehouse. The first retail store was acquired in 1911, and over the next 50 years other stores were added. The more notable retail stores developed include Smith's of Windsor and the Walker Stores chain of department stores. By the early 1960's Gordon Mckay & Company had converted all of its wholesale business to retail.

The law firm of Howell Fleming originated in the law practice of Stafford Frederick Kirkpatrick, a native of Ireland. Kirkpatrick emigrated to Canada and started practicing law in Cobourg, Ontario but since most of his clients were in Peterborough he established a practice in Peterborough in 1857. Kirkpatrick was the first full-time lawyer to establish a law firm in Peterborough. His first partner was Edward Armour Peck, Q.C. who joined the firm in 1881 and who played a major role in all levels of government in the area and the province. The next partner was Francis Dean Kerr, from Cobourg, who joined the firm in 1895. The firm was then called Kirkpatrick, Peck & Kerr. By 1912 the firm was called Peck, Kerr & McElderry. The firm continued to grow and change partners as some of the partners moved into other positions in the legal world. In 1941 Walter Harold Howell joined the firm of Peck, Kerr, McElderry & Howell. In January 1951 Alexander Fleming added his name to the practice's title. The name of the law practice changed frequently as partners were added to or left the firm. In 1965 Carol M. Huddart became the first female lawyer in the firm. The names of Howell and Fleming remained with the firm since 1941 when Walter Harold Howell joined the firm. In 1987 the firm changed its name to Howell, Fleming and in 1996 it is still known as thus. The law firm started by Kirkpatrick has always offered a full range of legal services to the residents of Peterborough and the community.

The Independent Order of Oddfellows was first officially established in 1843 with the American branch breaking away from the Manchester Unity. The first documented lodges were previous to 1843 in Halifax in 1815 and 1832. The next lodges documented were the ones established in 1843 and after. George Mathews, an engraver and lithographer, and John H. Hardie, a painter and decorator, are credited with being the fathers of the Independent Order of Oddfellows in Canada. Both the American Branch and the Manchester Unity were represented in Montreal when the first lodge became a reality. During 1844 a number of lodges expanded outside of Montreal. The Grand Lodge of Canada West was formed in 1855.(Taken from: History of Odd-Fellowship in Canada under Theold Regime. Brantford: Expositor Steam Painting House, 1879.)

Andrew Jeffrey was a long term resident of Cobourg, Canada West. He is mentioned in the book "Cobourg Early Days and Modern Times" as being nominated as an elder of the Presbyterian Church in 1827. He was elected to the Board of Police in 1837 after the town became incorporated. In the same year, as a member of the Board of Trade, he and other merchants decided to close their businesses at 7 pm from December 22, 1837 to April, 1838 in order to have the benefits that businessmen in Toronto and Montreal enjoyed.

Jeffrey was a councillor in 1851 and Mayor in 1852. He kept a private school at the corner of King and D'Arcy Streets. Throughout this time he ran a Foundry and later a Hardware Store. Cobourg has named a street after A. Jeffrey. In 1853 A. Jeffrey had his son-in-law, Robert Kingan, open a branch store in Peterborough.

The Cobourg Harbour originally was a wharf. The large steamers bringing in emigrants had to stand off shore and freight and passengers were transported by smaller boats to shore. In 1830 the Cobourg Harbour Company was formed and a proper Harbour was built. The harbour was one of the finest on the Lake Ontario shoreline. Due to the good harbour Cobourg experienced large amounts of traffic in freight and newcomers to Canada and due to this increased in size. By the 1850's Cobourg was the 5th largest centre in Canada West and it had the most important central Lake Ontario port. Cobourg had a ferry that operated between it and Rochester in New York. It was a point for shipping lumber and agricultural products all over the lake. (Taken from: "Cobourg Early Days and Modern Times." Cobourg: Cobourg Book Committee, 1981.)

The Cobourg-Peterborough Railway Company was incorporated on November 11, 1852. Its purpose was to build a steam railway between the two cities, a distance of twenty-five miles interrupted by the waters of Rice Lake. This necessitated the building of a trestle nearly three miles long to carry the railway between the north and south banks of the lake. The citizens of Cobourg subscribed 125,000 pounds of the project. The construction contract was placed with Samuel Zimmerman and the first sod was turned on February 9, 1853. The first fifteen miles of the line were opened for traffic on May 19, 1854, and on November 15 of the same year, the Rice Lake Bridge was completed. The railway finally reached Peterborough on December 29, 1854. Unfortunately, during the winter, ice jams shook the flimsy Rice Lake bridge and by 1861 had destroyed it. Money difficulties, caused by expensive maintenance of the line and the rivalry of the Peterborough-Port Hope Railway which opened in August 1858 and took most of the Peterborough traffic, led the Company to the mineral industry in Marmora for financial assistance. In 1865, it was authorized to merge with the Marmora Iron Works on the August 15, 1866, and this alliance led to the incorporation of the Cobourg, Peterborough, Marmora Railway and Mining company. This arrangement was successful for only a short period of time. By 1883 the Company was once again losing money, In May 1886, the bondholders took action and the railway and its rolling stock were sold to Mr. T.P. Pearce. In June 1887, the Cobourg, Blairton, and Marmora Railway and Mining Company was incorporated and took over the residual assets of the previous company. Before the Railway could be put into operation the Grand Trunk Railway assumed control and the Company finally disappeared in the general almagamation of the Grand Trunk short lines on April 1, 1893. The Grand Trunk Railway was in turn acquired by the Canadian National Railway in 1923.

The Keystone View Company was established in the summer of 1892 by B.L. Singley, an enthusiastic amateur photographer in Meadville, Pennsylvania. Keystone was to become the most important publisher of stereographs in the twentieth century. Keystone went on to publish several series of stereograph cards such as images of mining and mineral industries, national parks of America, the world, American history, President McKinley's funeral, World War I, Cascade Park, and the Tennessee State Centennial. By 1920, Keystone was the only major publisher of stereographs in the world. They had offices in London, Paris, Sidney, Capetown, Rio de Janeiro and Tokyo. Part of this prominence was derived from the sale of World War I stereograph sets, as Keystone was one of the only publishers to secure permission to photograph battlefields and military operations. Unfortunately, permission was not granted until the end of 1918, just before Armistice, so many of the photographs depict scenes taken after the end of the war. The photographer of the World War I photographs was Andrew S. Iddings. The Keystone View Company ceased regular production in 1939 but continued to manufacture views for optometric purposes. As well, they filled individual orders for stereographs until 1970. (Taken from: Darrah, William C. "The World of Stereographs." Gettysburg: W.C. Darrah Publisher, 1977.)

The Commission on Canadian Studies was established in 1972 by the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (AUCC). As stated in the introduction of "To Know Ourselves" (the Commission's report), the Commission: "was prompted by the growing interest in Canadian Studies at Canadian Universities...the Commission intended to assist the discussion and to further the development of studies related to Canada by providing accurate information about the present state of teaching and research in this area, and by directing attention to the possibilities of and needs for new programmes in the future." The Commission was to study, report and make recommendations about the state of teaching and research relating to Canadian Studies. The Commission defined Canadian Studies teaching or research in any field that promoted knowledge about Canada. The accomplishments of the Commission were extensive. Through public hearings, submitted briefs, surveys, questionnaires, meetings with representatives from educational institutions, government agencies, professional and academic societies, the Commission prompted considerable response. T.H.B. Symons was Chairman of the Commission.