The Indian-Eskimo Association of Canada (IEA) had its origins in the Canadian Association for Adult Education (CAAE) when the CAAE appointed a committee “to study the problem of the Indian in the community off reserve, thereby stimulating organizations to make surveys, conduct research appoint specialists and provide services as needs arise,” with the intention of the Committee becoming a national organization. This committee became known as the National Commission on the Indian Canadian and it functioned as a standing committee of the CAAE. In 1960, the Commission withdrew from the CAAE and was incorporated as the Indian-Eskimo Association. Its services, at this time, were expanded to include all First Nations, Inuit and Métis people both on and off reserve. Its first president was Clare Evelyn Clark. The Indian-Eskimo Association was a national citizen's organization with membership open to all people interested in promoting the well-being of Indigenous people. Indigenous people formed 25% of the membership and at all times had members on the Board of Directors. The Association was headquartered in Toronto until 1973, it when it moved to Ottawa and changed its name to the Canadian Association in Support of Native Peoples (CASNP). The IEA was active in fund raising, organizing workshops to discuss housing, and working on community and economic development projects.
The Indian Crafts Foundation of Ontario came into being in early 1970 after more than a year of correspondence and planning. Its headquarters were in Toronto and included a staff of executive director and secretary plus a number of part-time craft teachers, buyers and others maintaining contact with native groups throughout the province. The aim of the Foundation was to encourage high-quality craft production by native peoples and to enable the marketing of those crafts. The Foundation experienced financial problems which led to its dissolution in 1973.
The Independent Order of Oddfellows was first officially established in 1843 with the American branch breaking away from the Manchester Unity. The first documented lodges were previous to 1843 in Halifax in 1815 and 1832. The next lodges documented were the ones established in 1843 and after. George Mathews, an engraver and lithographer, and John H. Hardie, a painter and decorator, are credited with being the fathers of the Independent Order of Oddfellows in Canada. Both the American Branch and the Manchester Unity were represented in Montreal when the first lodge became a reality. During 1844 a number of lodges expanded outside of Montreal. The Grand Lodge of Canada West was formed in 1855.(Taken from: History of Odd-Fellowship in Canada under Theold Regime. Brantford: Expositor Steam Painting House, 1879.)
The Ancient Order of Foresters originated in 1745 in Knarsborough, England. In 1864, the first Court in America, No. 4421, was established in Brooklyn, New York. By 1874, there were 64 Courts of the Ancient Order of Foresters in America. The members, desiring independence from the English organization, founded the Independent Order of Foresters at a National Convention on June 16, 1874. The Independent Order of Foresters established themselves in Canada on April 26, 1876 in London, Ontario, with the incorporation of Court Hope No. 1. The purpose of this organization was to act as a health and life insurance company for its members. The objectives of the Independent Order of Foresters were to unite fraternally all persons of sound body and mental health and good moral character, under the age of 55; to give moral and material aid to its members and their dependents; to educate the members socially, morally, and intellectually; to establish a fund for the relief of sick and distressed members; to create a benefit fund for death benefits for widows and dependents of members; and to secure for its members free medical attendance, a sick benefit, a funeral benefit, a pension plan for members over the age of 70, and disability benefits.
Ideal Vacations Co. Limited had its headquarters situated at the Lakefield Hotel on Highway 28. It operated a number of resorts for tourists to vacation at in the Haliburton and Kawartha areas. It offered individual housekeeping cottages which the Company maintained for vacationers. Some of the resorts were at Victoria Springs; Deer Bay; Trent Resort on the Trent River; Muskilodge on Stoney Lake and cottages on Chemong Lake, Stoney Lake and the Trent River.
The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) was chartered May 2, 1670 in London, England by Medard Chouart des Groseilliers and Pierre Esprit Radisson. They had failed to acquire support in France for a trading company that would reach the interior in the New World via Hudson Bay. In 1665 they approached Prince Rupert who was cousin to King Charles II. A number of English merchants, noblemen and the King backed the venture financially. In 1668 the Eaglet and the Nonsuch sailed to the New World. The HBC was a joint-stock company which had a centralized bureaucracy. The shareholders elected a governor and committee to organize fur auctions, order trade goods, hire men and arrange for shipping. A governor was appointed to act on the shareholders behalf in the Bay area and each post was staffed by a chief factor (trader) and council of officers. The HBC competed with the French for control of the fur trade until 1763. The HBC erected forts on the mouths of major rivers flowing into Hudson's Bay. By 1774 the HBC expanded inland onto the prairies and over to the Pacific Ocean. Eventually the HBC was helping provision newcomers and settlers to the area by acting as a trading post. Now the HBC is a major business retailer with its head office in Winnipeg, Manitoba. In 1978 it acquired the controlling interest in the Simpsons and Zellers retail chains. It is the oldest incorporated joint-stock merchandising company in the English-speaking world. (Taken from: The Canadian Encyclopedia. Edmonton: Hurtig Publishers, 1985.)
The law firm of Howell Fleming originated in the law practice of Stafford Frederick Kirkpatrick, a native of Ireland. Kirkpatrick emigrated to Canada and started practicing law in Cobourg, Ontario but since most of his clients were in Peterborough he established a practice in Peterborough in 1857. Kirkpatrick was the first full-time lawyer to establish a law firm in Peterborough. His first partner was Edward Armour Peck, Q.C. who joined the firm in 1881 and who played a major role in all levels of government in the area and the province. The next partner was Francis Dean Kerr, from Cobourg, who joined the firm in 1895. The firm was then called Kirkpatrick, Peck & Kerr. By 1912 the firm was called Peck, Kerr & McElderry. The firm continued to grow and change partners as some of the partners moved into other positions in the legal world. In 1941 Walter Harold Howell joined the firm of Peck, Kerr, McElderry & Howell. In January 1951 Alexander Fleming added his name to the practice's title. The name of the law practice changed frequently as partners were added to or left the firm. In 1965 Carol M. Huddart became the first female lawyer in the firm. The names of Howell and Fleming remained with the firm since 1941 when Walter Harold Howell joined the firm. In 1987 the firm changed its name to Howell, Fleming and in 1996 it is still known as thus. The law firm started by Kirkpatrick has always offered a full range of legal services to the residents of Peterborough and the community.
The Township of Hope is located in Durham County approximately 60 miles east of Toronto. It is surrounded by Northumberland, Cavan and Clarke townships, and Lake Ontario to the south. In 1792 Governor Simcoe issued the proclamation dividing Upper Canada into townships and the Township of Hope was formed. The township was named after Colonel Henry Hope, who was the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec from 1785-1789. (taken from The History of the Township of Hope by Harold Reeve, 1967).
Heritage Peterborough was first organized May 11, 1984 in the Board Room of Peterborough and Kawartha Tourist and Convention Bureau. The Peterborough and Kawartha Tourist and Convention Bureau, the Peterborough Historical Society and the Peterborough Architectural Conservation Advisory Committee joined together to form Heritage Peterborough out of a concern due to the lack of interest and publicity for Peterborough's heritage. Their aim was to encourage wide interest, research and awareness of 150 years of historical growth of the city and county. They did this through developing projects that would advertise Peterborough City and County to tourists and citizens. Projects such as a "lure piece" or glossy brochure with a map and small write-ups on various historical sites; calendars, placemats and walking and driving tours were developed to aid in the advertising. Funding for the projects came from the New Horizons programme, Health and Welfare Canada and the Peterborough City and County councils.
In 1903 it was decided by the people of the village of Havelock, Ontario, that the construction of a hydro power supply plant was necessary and possible. The chosen site was located at Burnt Dam, six miles north of Havelock, in Belmont Township. It was estimated that the financial outlay to undertake this project would be $8,000. To raise the money, steps were taken to form a joint stock company to be known as the Havelock Electric Light and Power Company Ltd. Very quickly all of the stocks were sold and a generating building was constructed on the chosen site. From 1903 to 1920 the Havelock Electric Light and Power Company Ltd. supplied electricity to users in Havelock at a flat rate of $2.00 per month. In March, 1920, a contract was made with Ontario Hydro and power in the village was then supplied by the Havelock Hydro Commission. (Taken from: Hunter, Harold R. Havelock Through the Years. Belleville: Mika Publishing Company, 1990.)
The Village of Hastings was incorporated in 1875. It is on the Trent Canal system partially in Northumberland County and partially in Peterborough County. In its early history lumber from the northern part of Peterborough passed through Hastings locks on its way to Lake Ontario. It originally had a foundry, a cotton factory, flouring and grist mills as well as a stone Roman Catholic Church, the Church of England and Presbyterian and Methodist Churches. (Taken from: The Illustrated Historical Atlas of Northumberland and Durham Counties, Ontario. Belleville: Mika Silk Screening Limited, 1972.)
In 1792, the United Counties of Northumberland and Durham were officially created in a proclamation made by Lieutenant-Governor John Graves Simcoe. The proclamation divided Upper Canada in 19 Counties for representation purposes. The United Counties are bounded by Lake Ontario in the south, Hastings County in the east, Ontario County in the west and Peterborough and Victoria Counties in the north.
Hart House was opened in 1919 at the University of Toronto, Ontario. It was a gift to the University by the Massey Foundation. Built by two Canadian architects, Sproatt and Rolph, it had a dining-hall for undergraduates, a faculty club, club rooms for graduate members, a music room, a chapel, a library, a room for debates, a completely equipped little theatre, a sketch room and various offices plus a running track, rooms for boxing, fencing and wrestling, a swimming pool, a billiard room, photographic dark rooms, a rifle range, common-rooms and guest rooms. Hart House was essentially a club for men. (Taken from: Wallace, W. Stewart. "A History of the University of Toronto." Toronto: The University of Toronto Press, 1927.) The Theatre in Hart House was in the basement. Vincent Massey and his wife saw the area before a theatre was built and made the suggestion. The theatre was fully equipped with 500 seats, a green room, a dressing room and property and costume rooms. In 1919 the Theatre presented five plays, four matinees lyriques and a number of lectures on the productions of the Hart House Theatre and, in general, the art of the little theatre. At first the Theatre was operated outside of the University Community. Undergraduates were not in the productions unless they were extremely proficient in their skills. Instead the University relied on more experienced men and women. Students were able to buy tickets at special rates to see the productions. Not only were plays put on in the theatre but it was also used for special lectures, musicals by the music club and productions by other colleges. There were a number of different directors throughout the years who were sympathetic to the students and involved the undergraduates as much as possible in the mechanics of the productions. During the 1920's and 1930's the Hart House Theatre was the leader in Canadian little theatre. In 1930 Hart House Theatre was expanded. The ground beneath the second storey was excavated to provide room for a rehearsal hall, additional rooms and a storage room for the 3 000 costumes that belonged to the theatre. Starting in the 1930's and into the years of World War II the Theatre became used by students and their own productions than it had been previously. A number of well-known Canadian personalities, such as Johnny Wayne, Frank Shuster and Andrew Allan received their start at the Theatre. (Taken from: Montagnes, Ian. The Story of Hart House. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1969.)
Hamilton Township is situated in Northumberland County. It was settled by United Empire Loyalists. Camborne is a small village located on an old north-south pioneer road in the township. (Taken from: Mika, Nick and Helma. Places of Ontario, Part II F-M. Belleville: Mika Publishing Co., 1981.)
The Hambeltonian Stallion "Boxer" was bred by Ira Emmerson, of Adams, in Jefferson County in New York State. He was jet black in colour and stood 16 hands high. He obtained a speed of 2.33 and 1/2 in Watertown, New York in 1888. He had been raced twelve times of which he had won six of those races; came in second three times; came in third once; tied second and third place once and came in unplaced once. Boxer was sired by Jefferson Prince. His proprietor in 1889 was James Baptie of Springville, Ontario.
The building which housed the law office of Hall, Gillespie was originally a surveyor's office, built in 1855 by Thomas J. Dennehy on land that he had leased from Rev. Mark Burnham. Two years later, on June 27, 1857, Robert Dennistoun leased the property and building from Rev. Burnham and started a law practice. When Robert was appointed Judge of the County Court, his son, James F. Dennistoun, practiced alone until he formed a partnership called Dennistoun, Fairbairn and Cassels. When Fairbairn was elected to the Legislative Assembly, James Dennistoun and Cassels ran the law office until Cassels became the Registrar of the Supreme Court of Canada. In 1873 James Dennistoun's brother, Robert Hamilton Dennistoun, and E.H.D. Hall formed the firm of Dennistoun Bros. and Hall. In 1883 James retired and the partnership of Dennistoun Bros. and Hall was dissolved. This left Robert H. Dennistoun practicing law in the original building, while E.H.D. Hall went to Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan. When Robert H. Dennistoun died his widow asked Hall to return and take over the law practice. He took over in 1884 and practiced alone until 1887 when L.M. Hayes joined the firm. The firm was known as Messrs. Hall and Hayes until 1909 when B.D. Hall joined and it became known as Hall, Hayes and Hall. Also in 1909, a fire broke out in the offices and a number of ledgers were damaged but were able to be copied from. After this fire, a vault, two additional rooms, and an apartment over the office, were added to the building. A number of lawyers joined and left the firm as the years went by. E.H.D. Hall died in 1939 at the age of 89. B.D. Hall remained with the firm and had a succession of different partners. In 1955 J.A. Gillespie joined the firm and it became known as Hall and Gillespie. The firm was wound down, disposed of and terminated in 1993 when John A. Gillespie, the surviving partner, decided to close the practice. The practice remained, until its dissolution, in the original building where it had begun. (Taken from: 94-001-71-3.)
The Haliburton, Kawartha & Pine Ridge District Health Council, through its Well-Being in the Rural Community Task Force, hosted a series of meetings in 1993 to look at the issues facing the health of the district's rural communities. The results of these meetings were forwarded to the Premier's Council on Health, Well-being and Social Justice and the district was subsequently chosen as one of four pilot projects to consider the impact of the changing economy on communities.
The Township of Haldimand is bounded on the north by the Township of Alnwick, on the east by the Township of Cramahe, on the west by the Township of Hamilton and on the south by Lake Ontario. Haldimand Township was partially surveyed in 1797 and again in 1822. By 1817 it had 6258 acres under cultivation. There were three grist mills and four saw mills. By 1850 the population of the Township was 4177 and by 1861 it was 6164. The villages are Grafton, Eddystone, Centreton, Vernonville, Fenella, Bowmanton, Burnley, Colbourne and Wicklow. The population consisted mostly of settlers from Ireland, Scotland, England and some from the United States. One of the first settlers in the area was Benjamin Ewing, in 1798, from Vermont. The harbour for the Township was located at Grafton and built around 1836. (Taken from: The H.H. Beldon Illustrated Historical Atlas of Northumberland and Durham Counties, 1878. Belleville: Mika Silk Screening Limited, 1972.)
The Haileybury Cemetery is located north of Mills Creek, Ontario, approximately .40 km south of Centennial Park and approximately .40 km east of Mount Pleasant Cemetery. The Haileybury Cemetery was run by a private company and was in operation until 1922. The cemetery is believed to be one of the first organized cemeteries in that part of northern Ontario.
The Gummed Address Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States was a mail order company for a number of different objects such as Magic Lanterns, Magic Kits as well as games, tricks and home amusements, rubber stamps and ink, song books, gummed address labels, watches and cameras. The Gummed Address Company resided at 126 South Eighth Street in Pennsylvania and George R. Allen was the manager in 1892.
The Grand Trunk Railway (GTR) was built to provide a main trunk line throughout the entire length of the Province of Canada. Under the sponsorship of Sir Francis Hincks, the Grand Trunk Railway was formally incorporated in 1852 to build a railway line from Toronto to Montreal. The Grand Trunk Railway of Canada East was also incorporated to build a line from Quebec City to Trois Pistoles, Quebec. The GTR also purchased the newly completed St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad in 1853. Much of the financing for the Railway was to come from investors in England, and as a result, much of the construction of the new lines was done by English construction firms. The "Trunk-Line" from Montreal to Toronto opened in 1856. The railway expanded quickly, existing small railway companies were purchased, and new lines were added, some of which were destined for the United States. By 1867, the GTR was the largest railway system in the world with 2 055 km of track. By the 1880's the company had over 700 locomotives, 578 cars, 60 post-office cars, 131 baggage cars, 18 000 freight cars and 49 snow plows. The high cost of construction, absentee management (Head Office in England), and failure to generate anticipated levels of traffic left the GTR debt ridden and unable to upgrade its equipment. In October 1919, the federal government took over the GTR after a disasterous attempt to create a transcontinental railway with the creation of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. The GTR and the GTPR were placed under the management of the Canadian National Railways on January 30, 1923. ( Taken from: "The Canadian Encyclopedia." Edmonton: Hurtig Publishers Ltd., 1985.)
The Grafton Woman's Missionary Society was a group established at the Methodist Church in Grafton. The Auxiliary members belonged to Grafton's Church of England in Brighton, Ontario, which is in the Bay of Quinte Conference.
Gordon Mackay & Company was a retail/wholesale dry goods business operating throughout Canada. It was established in 1853, by two Scotsmen, John Gordon and John Mackay, who formed a partnership for the wholesale distribution of dry-goods in the City of Hamilton, Canada West. The company was called Gordon & Mackay. In 1859, the Company moved to Toronto, first locating at Wellington Street East, and then at the corner of Bay and Front Streets. In 1899, the Company was incorporated as Gordon Mackay Co. Limited. The great fire of 1904 in Toronto destroyed the Gordon Mackay warehouse. The first retail store was acquired in 1911, and over the next 50 years other stores were added. The more notable retail stores developed include Smith's of Windsor and the Walker Stores chain of department stores. By the early 1960's Gordon Mckay & Company had converted all of its wholesale business to retail.