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In 1840, three Wesleyan Methodist Missionaries were sent from England, to Moose Factory, to bring the Gospel to the Indians of the region. Reverend George Barnley, one of the three missionaries, made the fort at Moose Factory the centre of his eight year ministry, where he built St. Thomas Church (later St. Thomas Anglican Church). When this mission was closed by the Methodists in 1848, it was vacant for several years before the Church Missionary Society of the Church of England sent Reverend John Horden to Moose Factory in 1851. He later became the first Bishop of the diocese of Moosonee in 1872. He died in Moosonee in 1893.

Moscrip, Allan & Company sold hardware, machinery, and farm equipment to several businesses and individuals in the Peterborough County and United Counties of Northumberland and Durham area during the years 1853-1867.

The Sisters of St. Joseph in Peterborough were formed from various congregations in Ontario during the year of 1890. They had been requested to leave their congregations, by Bishop R.A. O'Connor, to fill a need in services which were not being provided in Peterborough such as the care of the sick. When the Sisters arrived in Peterborough they were to work at the newly opened St. Joseph's Hospital. The Sisters helped with the care of the elderly with a senior's home called Marycrest. They established an orphanage called St. Vincent's Orphanage and which operated from 1909 to 1956. For more information on the history of Mount St. Joseph see As the Tree Grows: Celebrating 100 years of the Sisters of St. Joseph of Peterborough, 1890-1990 (Lindsay, Ontario: John Deyell Company Limited, 1993).

The National and Provincial Parks Association of Canada (NPPAC) was founded in 1963 and is dedicated to preserving Canada's natural heritage. It is an educational non-profit organization and provides the public with information regarding the status of Canada's parks. It is specifically involved with park and wildland protection. In 1986, NPPAC underwent a name change and became the Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society (CPAWS).

The Friendship Centre movement grew from the local level initiatives of groups and individuals who helped natives cope with life in urban centres from the 1950's. Formal funding for the Centres at the Federal level of the Secretary of State began in 1972 with the Migrating Native People's program. The name of the program was changed to the Native Friendship Centre Program in 1982. The National Association of Friendship Centres itself was established in 1972. It is a non-political, non-profit organization. It has a four-person executive committee elected each year at the Annual General Meeting attended by delegates from the provincial-territorial associations and individual friendship centres. The NAFC coordinates funding and acts as central information liason between the Secretary of State and other government bodies and the provincial-territorial associations.

The Neathern Trust was established by Dr. Mary Louise Northway. In 1960 Mary Northway decided to give some thought and study the possibility of establishing a charitable trust and hence a draft trust was prepared. The reasoning behind the draft was for Mary to decide whether a Trust was wise idea, or not, to commit her capital. The Neathern Trust was established on an informal basis with J.R.M. Wilson, John Hodgson and Joan Hodgson as Trustees and Jean B. Quinn as the secretary-treasurer. The Trustees met with Mary to select charitable purposes that they thought were worthy of support. Mary then put sufficient funds into a bank account and arrangements for payment were made by Jean Quinn. In 1963 Mary Northway decided to go ahead with the Trust Proper and the Trust Instrument was revised. Howard Kelley of the National Trust was brought in as a Trustee with the intention to use the National Trust as an agent for the Trustees. The draft Trust Instrument was approved by the Department of National Revenue in June, 1964 and in July, 1964 the Trust Instrument was executed with the first funds being transferred to the Trust by Mary Northway. At this point the Trustees invited Joan W. Hodgson, Flora Morrison, Dr. W.E. Blatz, Dr. J.A. Ebbs and D. Oucherlony as the advisory committee. Jean Quinn remained as secretary. The decision to meet quarterly before the advisory committee met was made. The fund itself was to have $20 000.00 in Canada Bonds and $13 430.00 in cash from Mary Northway as a capital contribution and not as income of the Trust. Part of the monies which Mary Northway donated to the Neathern Trust were invested into securities. Some of the projects which the Neathern Trust undertook were: building two barbeques at the Mill of Kintail, counselling education, Cardiology Department of Sick Children's Hospital, Pre-School Parent Centre in Toronto, Harbour Island Nursery Supervisor's Salary, support of a Thailand student, Huntsville Nature Club Library and many, many more.

Born out of the Canadian Commonwealth Federation (1932-1960) the New Democratic Party originated in 1961. It is a party which aims to represent the working class and unions of Canada in politics. It is a socialist party advocating the democratic left instead of right wing politics.

The New Left Movement was an international movement of the 1960's which consisted of mainly youth and students. The Movement originated in the 1950's "Ban the Bomb" movement. The New Left Movement dealt with such topics as the Vietnam War, Third World liberation issues and Women's liberation movement etc. The New Left Movement criticised the Old Left. They felt that there should be local control of the political process, accessibility to political and social institutions. They advocated confrontations with modern capitalism by dissident intelligentsia, the poor, natives and ethnic minorities. In Canada, issues raised were nuclear disarmament, community organization, separatism, and sexual inequality. The Movement broke apart in the 1970's. (Taken from: "The Canadian Encyclopedia." Vol. II. Edmonton: Hurting Publishers.)

In 1792, the United Counties of Northumberland and Durham, in the District of Newcastle, were officially created in a proclamation made by Lieutenant-Governor John Graves Simcoe. The proclamation divided Upper Canada in 19 Counties for representation purposes. The United Counties are bounded by Lake Ontario in the south, Hasting County in the east, Ontario County in the west and Peterborough and Victoria Counties in the north. The town line between Hope and Hamilton Townships divide the two counties. Durham County consists of the Townships of Cartwright, Manvers, Cavan, Darlington, Clarke and Hope. Northumberland County consists of South Monaghan, Hamilton, Haldimand, Alnwick, Percy, Cramahe, Seymour, Brighton and Murray Townships. (Taken from: "Illustrated Historical Atlas of Northumberland and Durham Counties, Ontario." Belleville: Mika Silk Screening Limited, 1972.)

The Newcastle District Loan Company of Upper Canada operated in the early 1800's. It's president was George Hall and its' currency was in pounds and shillings. It was one of the nine district banks which was not granted a charter in 1860's.

North Monaghan is the smallest township in the County of Peterborough. It is bounded on the north by the township of Smith, on the south by the County of Northumberland, on the west by Cavan township (County of Durham), and on the east by the Otonabee River. The Township was first surveyed by Samuel Wilmot in 1817 and settlement began the same year. In 1818, Wilmot wrote to the surveyor general, suggesting that lots 14, 15, and 16 on concession 13 be reserved as a site for a village. This site became the village of Peterborough and remained as such until January 1, 1850, when it was officially severed from North Monaghan and incorporated as the Town of Peterborough. As a result, North Monaghan lost 350 families (2,100 persons), and numerous businesses, industries, shops and services. In the 1852 census return, the number of householders left in North Monaghan totalled 100. The only village which remained in the township was Springville which is situated on the boundary of North Monaghan and Cavan townships. Due to North Monaghan's close proximity with the town of Peterborough and Cavan township, there was never a need to re-build the resources which were lost to Peterborugh in 1850, and today, North Monaghan township is very much a "suburb" of the City of Peterborough.

The North West Company was a major force in the fur trade between the 1780's and 1821. The Company was formed by Highland Scots, Loyalists and Canadian labourers. Montreal traders pooled their resources to reduce competition amongst themselves and to resist the advances being made by the Hudson's Bay Company. In 1783 and 1784 the North West Company was formally organized with the Frobisher brothers and Simon McTavish holding the controlling shares. The annual trade at this time was approximately 100 000 pounds. Their rivals included the Hudson's Bay Company and Gregory, McLeod and Company. In mid-1787 the Nor'westors and Gregory and McLeod amalgamated, with the Frobishers and McTavish running the business from Montreal, while Alexander MacKenzie led their inland expansion. By 1795 the Nor'westers had another strong rival in the New North West Company or XY Company. The two Companies merged in 1804. In 1821 a parliamentary Act granted the Hudson's Bay Company; and William and Simon McGillivray and Edward Ellice of the North West Company, the exclusive trading rights with Britain. The Companies effectively worked together and expanded their fur trading enterprises together without the competition. (Taken from: "The Canadian Encyclopedia." Edmonton: Hurtig Publishers, 1985.)

John Northway was born on August 17, 1848, at Leat, near Lifton, England, the eldest son of Thomas Neathern Northway and Grace Doidge. In 1868, John left England for New York, where he was soon relieved of his watch and money. Disenchanted, he made his way to Canada, and went to work for a tailor in Embro, Ontario. From this inauspicious beginning, Northway became a merchant, manufacturer and financier with partnerships throughout the province and investments throughout the continent. Having achieved success, Northway sent his children to the best schools, and provided for them the formal education he had never received. John Northway founded two main companies: The Northway Company Limited, and John Northway and Son Limited. Upon his death in 1926, leadership of these two firms fell to his sons, A. Garfield and John A. respectively, under whose direction expansion and later retraction was carried out. The factory, begun in 1896 to supply the companies, was closed down in 1930. John Northway and Sons Limited came to have three stores in Toronto, and one each in Hamilton and Stratford. In 1957, this company bought the Brantford outlet of the Northway Company Limited, which A.G. Northway, who foresaw no successor, had been gradually disposing of. In January 1960, A.G. Northway died, and The Northway Company Limited was put into voluntary liquidation by its directors. In November 1960, the directors of John Northway and Sons Limited sold the company to outside interests. It has since disappeared.

The Ontario Advisory Committee on Confederation (O.A.C.C.) was established in 1965. Ian Macdonald (chief economist of the Department of Economics and Development) was named chairman. The principal function of the Committee was to advise the Ontario government concerning its relationship with other provincial governments and the federal government in the area on constitutional requirements. A Globe and Mail article entitled "Confederation Committee Terms Set Out" stated that "The Premier [John Robarts] said future requirements for the province in connection with British North America must by studied. Certain goals and objections in the fields of biculturalism or multiculturalism and bilingualism must be attained."

In 1948, the camp at Bark Lake was started as a wilderness camp for boys and was financed through the government of Ontario. In 1953, girls were admitted, and the camp operated in July for girls, and in August for boys. In 1969 the Leadership Camp was established to teach youth leadership skills. The camp was later closed [1993].

In 1900 A.L. Cochrane established the first private camp in Ontario. By 1925, the number of private camps in Ontario had increased to only six or seven. The camps established during this time period (1900-1925) were mainly for boys over the age of thirteen. Co-ed camps were unheard of at this time. As of 1925, the private camps were making headway in their development and agency camps, such as the Y.M.C.A., were opening up across the province. The leaders and directors of these camps, wanting to keep abreast of new trends, began to regularly attend the American Camping Association conventions, due to the absence of a Canadian or Ontario camping association. This situation, although helpful to the evolution of camps in Ontario, was not ideal. Issues relevant to Canadian camps, and camp leaders and directors, were not being addressed by the American association. As a result, the camp leaders in Ontario decided to form their own group. In the first few years, the meetings were informal, and held in private homes. The first members were A.L. Cochrane, H.E. Chapman, Mary Edgar, Mary Hamilton, Fern Halliday, and Taylor and Ethel Statten. One of the main topics of discussion centered on the need for a camping association in Ontario. In 1933, this group of private camp leaders and directors formally founded the Ontario Camping Association. Taylor Statten was made the first chairman of the Association. It was decided by the founding members that the Association would not just be for private camps, but would be open to anyone engaged in any aspect of camping. The interests of the founders of the Association encompassed the development and maintenance of high camping standards in the field of camping for children and an appreciation of the wider aspects of the camping movement. They believed that through discussion and consideration of common camping policies and problems, and by mutual exchange of ideas and knowledge, better camping would be achieved. The Ontario Camping Association was responsible for the development and implementation of standards for Ontario's children's camps, and, in 1941, in conjunction with the Provincial Department of Health, made the licensing of all camps mandatory. The headquarters of the Association are located in Toronto, Ontario. In 2012, the Ontario Camping Association changed its name to Ontario Camps Association.

Ontario County derived its name from Lake Ontario. It is bounded on the south by the Lake and has three harbours: Whitby, Oshawa and Frenchman's Bay. It received its municipal status January 1, 1854. Before then it was part of York County. In 1851, by proclamation, York, Ontario and Peel Counties were made the United Counties of York, Ontario and Peel. In 1852 Ontario broke away from the United Counties to form its own separate county. Peter Perry, an early settler and prominent citizen of Whitby, was instrumental in the separation. The county has two ridings: North and South Ontario. The townships within Ontario County's borders are: Whitby (and the town of Whitby), East Whitby, Pickering, Uxbridge (and the village of Uxbridge), Rama, Scugog, Thorah, Scott, Brock, Mara and Reach. There are also the villages of Port Perry, Cannington and Oshawa, which was the first village in the county. (Taken from: The Illustrated Historical Atlas of Ontario County, Ontario. Belleville: Mika Silk Screening Ltd., 1972.)

The Department of Lands and Forests, 1920-1972, was a department of the Government of Ontario based under the Ministry of Natural Resources. Before 1920 it was known as the Department of Lands, Mines and Forests, 1906-1920; The Crown Lands Department, 1827-1905 and the Office of the Surveyor General (Upper Canada), 1792-1827. (Taken from: The Archives of Ontario Guide to Holdings)

The Ontario Native Development Fund was established by the Indian-Eskimo Association and the Union of Ontario Indians in 1968. It was incorporated in 1969. The purpose of the fund was to provide native organizations with financial and other forms of assistance. Substantial funds were raised through walkathons called Moccasin Miles.

The Ontario Natives Development Fund Inc. was organized in 1968 through the Indian-Eskimo Association of Canada to raise and distribute money to Native organizations which were encountering difficulty in obtaining government assistance, and to educate the Canadian public about the Native situation (taken from a ONDF press release, May 21, 1970). The Windsor Committee of the ONDF was established in 1969.

The Ontario Research Council on Leisure was founded in 1975. It promotes and disseminates research articles on a number of topics concerning recreation and leisure including sports, fitness, culture and tourism. The Council is composed of researchers in the leisure field from government, academe, and consultancies to other agencies. The Council draws its' members from a wide range of people who are interested in leisure and recreation research. The Council is responsible for the publication of the Journal of Applied Recreation Research and Recreation Research Review. (Taken from: The Journal of Applied Recreation Research. Vol. 15, No. 2. Waterloo: University of Waterloo Press, 1989/90.)