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The Gummed Address Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States was a mail order company for a number of different objects such as Magic Lanterns, Magic Kits as well as games, tricks and home amusements, rubber stamps and ink, song books, gummed address labels, watches and cameras. The Gummed Address Company resided at 126 South Eighth Street in Pennsylvania and George R. Allen was the manager in 1892.

The Grand Trunk Railway (GTR) was built to provide a main trunk line throughout the entire length of the Province of Canada. Under the sponsorship of Sir Francis Hincks, the Grand Trunk Railway was formally incorporated in 1852 to build a railway line from Toronto to Montreal. The Grand Trunk Railway of Canada East was also incorporated to build a line from Quebec City to Trois Pistoles, Quebec. The GTR also purchased the newly completed St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad in 1853. Much of the financing for the Railway was to come from investors in England, and as a result, much of the construction of the new lines was done by English construction firms. The "Trunk-Line" from Montreal to Toronto opened in 1856. The railway expanded quickly, existing small railway companies were purchased, and new lines were added, some of which were destined for the United States. By 1867, the GTR was the largest railway system in the world with 2 055 km of track. By the 1880's the company had over 700 locomotives, 578 cars, 60 post-office cars, 131 baggage cars, 18 000 freight cars and 49 snow plows. The high cost of construction, absentee management (Head Office in England), and failure to generate anticipated levels of traffic left the GTR debt ridden and unable to upgrade its equipment. In October 1919, the federal government took over the GTR after a disasterous attempt to create a transcontinental railway with the creation of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. The GTR and the GTPR were placed under the management of the Canadian National Railways on January 30, 1923. ( Taken from: "The Canadian Encyclopedia." Edmonton: Hurtig Publishers Ltd., 1985.)

Heritage Peterborough was first organized May 11, 1984 in the Board Room of Peterborough and Kawartha Tourist and Convention Bureau. The Peterborough and Kawartha Tourist and Convention Bureau, the Peterborough Historical Society and the Peterborough Architectural Conservation Advisory Committee joined together to form Heritage Peterborough out of a concern due to the lack of interest and publicity for Peterborough's heritage. Their aim was to encourage wide interest, research and awareness of 150 years of historical growth of the city and county. They did this through developing projects that would advertise Peterborough City and County to tourists and citizens. Projects such as a "lure piece" or glossy brochure with a map and small write-ups on various historical sites; calendars, placemats and walking and driving tours were developed to aid in the advertising. Funding for the projects came from the New Horizons programme, Health and Welfare Canada and the Peterborough City and County councils.

The West Island Naturalists' Club was formed in 1972. In 1974 the name was changed to the Catharine Traill Naturalists' Club in honour of one of Canada's first botanists and naturalists. The club is supported by the staff of John Abbott College and Macdonald College of McGill University. The Club intended to draw members from the Robert Baldwin, Vaudreuil and Soulange Counties but has many national and a few international members including the British Museum, which keeps Club newsletters on file. Membership has often exceeded two hundred persons. The objective of the club is to encourage conservation and foster understanding of everything in local environment and surrounding areas. This is achieved through series of lectures and field trips based on a variety of subjects found in the natural environment. The Club first dealt with its own region, but, as its membership grew it was able to help lobby for other regions.

Cavan Township is located in the United Counties of Northumberland and Durham which were established in 1798 by a Proclamation given by John Graves Simcoe. It is bounded on the north by the Township of Emily in Victoria County, on the west by Manvers Township, on the south by Hope Township and on the east by South Monaghan and part of Peterborough Township. It is named after a county in Northern Ireland by early settlers to the area. John Deyell from County Monaghan, Ireland was one of the first settlers to Cavan Township in 1816.

The Township of Hope is located in Durham County approximately 60 miles east of Toronto. It is surrounded by Northumberland, Cavan and Clarke townships, and Lake Ontario to the south. In 1792 Governor Simcoe issued the proclamation dividing Upper Canada into townships and the Township of Hope was formed. The township was named after Colonel Henry Hope, who was the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec from 1785-1789. (taken from The History of the Township of Hope by Harold Reeve, 1967).

The law firm of Howell Fleming originated in the law practice of Stafford Frederick Kirkpatrick, a native of Ireland. Kirkpatrick emigrated to Canada and started practicing law in Cobourg, Ontario but since most of his clients were in Peterborough he established a practice in Peterborough in 1857. Kirkpatrick was the first full-time lawyer to establish a law firm in Peterborough. His first partner was Edward Armour Peck, Q.C. who joined the firm in 1881 and who played a major role in all levels of government in the area and the province. The next partner was Francis Dean Kerr, from Cobourg, who joined the firm in 1895. The firm was then called Kirkpatrick, Peck & Kerr. By 1912 the firm was called Peck, Kerr & McElderry. The firm continued to grow and change partners as some of the partners moved into other positions in the legal world. In 1941 Walter Harold Howell joined the firm of Peck, Kerr, McElderry & Howell. In January 1951 Alexander Fleming added his name to the practice's title. The name of the law practice changed frequently as partners were added to or left the firm. In 1965 Carol M. Huddart became the first female lawyer in the firm. The names of Howell and Fleming remained with the firm since 1941 when Walter Harold Howell joined the firm. In 1987 the firm changed its name to Howell, Fleming and in 1996 it is still known as thus. The law firm started by Kirkpatrick has always offered a full range of legal services to the residents of Peterborough and the community.

The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) was chartered May 2, 1670 in London, England by Medard Chouart des Groseilliers and Pierre Esprit Radisson. They had failed to acquire support in France for a trading company that would reach the interior in the New World via Hudson Bay. In 1665 they approached Prince Rupert who was cousin to King Charles II. A number of English merchants, noblemen and the King backed the venture financially. In 1668 the Eaglet and the Nonsuch sailed to the New World. The HBC was a joint-stock company which had a centralized bureaucracy. The shareholders elected a governor and committee to organize fur auctions, order trade goods, hire men and arrange for shipping. A governor was appointed to act on the shareholders behalf in the Bay area and each post was staffed by a chief factor (trader) and council of officers. The HBC competed with the French for control of the fur trade until 1763. The HBC erected forts on the mouths of major rivers flowing into Hudson's Bay. By 1774 the HBC expanded inland onto the prairies and over to the Pacific Ocean. Eventually the HBC was helping provision newcomers and settlers to the area by acting as a trading post. Now the HBC is a major business retailer with its head office in Winnipeg, Manitoba. In 1978 it acquired the controlling interest in the Simpsons and Zellers retail chains. It is the oldest incorporated joint-stock merchandising company in the English-speaking world. (Taken from: The Canadian Encyclopedia. Edmonton: Hurtig Publishers, 1985.)

Ideal Vacations Co. Limited had its headquarters situated at the Lakefield Hotel on Highway 28. It operated a number of resorts for tourists to vacation at in the Haliburton and Kawartha areas. It offered individual housekeeping cottages which the Company maintained for vacationers. Some of the resorts were at Victoria Springs; Deer Bay; Trent Resort on the Trent River; Muskilodge on Stoney Lake and cottages on Chemong Lake, Stoney Lake and the Trent River.

The Ancient Order of Foresters originated in 1745 in Knarsborough, England. In 1864, the first Court in America, No. 4421, was established in Brooklyn, New York. By 1874, there were 64 Courts of the Ancient Order of Foresters in America. The members, desiring independence from the English organization, founded the Independent Order of Foresters at a National Convention on June 16, 1874. The Independent Order of Foresters established themselves in Canada on April 26, 1876 in London, Ontario, with the incorporation of Court Hope No. 1. The purpose of this organization was to act as a health and life insurance company for its members. The objectives of the Independent Order of Foresters were to unite fraternally all persons of sound body and mental health and good moral character, under the age of 55; to give moral and material aid to its members and their dependents; to educate the members socially, morally, and intellectually; to establish a fund for the relief of sick and distressed members; to create a benefit fund for death benefits for widows and dependents of members; and to secure for its members free medical attendance, a sick benefit, a funeral benefit, a pension plan for members over the age of 70, and disability benefits.

The Independent Order of Oddfellows was first officially established in 1843 with the American branch breaking away from the Manchester Unity. The first documented lodges were previous to 1843 in Halifax in 1815 and 1832. The next lodges documented were the ones established in 1843 and after. George Mathews, an engraver and lithographer, and John H. Hardie, a painter and decorator, are credited with being the fathers of the Independent Order of Oddfellows in Canada. Both the American Branch and the Manchester Unity were represented in Montreal when the first lodge became a reality. During 1844 a number of lodges expanded outside of Montreal. The Grand Lodge of Canada West was formed in 1855.(Taken from: History of Odd-Fellowship in Canada under Theold Regime. Brantford: Expositor Steam Painting House, 1879.)

The Indian Crafts Foundation of Ontario came into being in early 1970 after more than a year of correspondence and planning. Its headquarters were in Toronto and included a staff of executive director and secretary plus a number of part-time craft teachers, buyers and others maintaining contact with native groups throughout the province. The aim of the Foundation was to encourage high-quality craft production by native peoples and to enable the marketing of those crafts. The Foundation experienced financial problems which led to its dissolution in 1973.

The Journal of Canadian Studies started off as an idea for a "Learned Journal" similar to the Queen's Quarterly but called the Trent Quarterly. As ideas were formulated by President T.H.B. Symons and others it came about that the need for a learned journal in Canadian Studies was necessary to the field of Canadian Studies. On 1 June 1964 during the first meeting of the Committee of the Learned Journal it was decided to call the new journal The Journal of Canadian Studies. Professor S.G. Denis Smith was chair of the meeting and other members in attendance at the meeting were Dean M.G. Fry, Mr. J.D.P. Martin and Professor J.S. Pettigrew. In the press release on 7 July 1964 issued by Trent University the Journal was to cover such Canadian topics as history, politics, anthropology, art, literature, theatre, economics and sociology. The Journal solicits manuscripts ranging from 2,000 to 10,000 words in length, English or French, dealing with some aspect of Canadian Society or history and of general as well as specialized scholarly interest. The first editor of the Journal was Denis Smith and the associate editor was Bernard R. Blishen. A number of Trent faculty members, such as Kenneth E. Kidd, T.H.B. Symons as well as Ronald J. Thom, sat on the editorial and advisory boards. The Journal was "founded in the belief that the life and history of Canada, still largely unexamined, deserve[d] common study by persons of many approaches and attitudes." (Journal of Canadian Studies Vol. 1, page 2). The symbol used to represent the Journal of Canadian Studies is Samuel de Champlain's astrolabe which he had lost in 1613 while crossing a portage in the upper Ottawa River valley. The astrolabe now resides in the Canadian Museum of History. From 1966 to 2015, the Journal of Canadian Studies was published quarterly by Trent University. Beginning with Volume 49.3 (Fall 2015), it became part of the University of Toronto Press’s Journals publishing program.

The Kanawa Canoe museum was located in Haliburton, Ontario. The director and founder was Professor Kirk Wipper of the University of Toronto. The Canadian Canoe Museum was taken over by a Board of Directors centered at Trent University beginning in 1990. This steering committee was set up in 1980 to investigate "the feasibility of establishing the Kanawa International Museum at Trent". A management consultant was subsequently hired to advise on the location and future development of Kanawa. Kanawa is now known as the Canadian Canoe Museum.

The Cobourg Foundry was established in Cobourg, Canada West in the 1850's and was operated by Andrew Jeffrey. The foundry manufactured steam engines, boilers, agricultural equipment, axes and other useful implements. (Taken from: Spilsbury, John R. "Cobourg: Early Days and Modern Times." Cobourg: Cobourg Book Committee, 1981.)

The Cobourg Harbour originally was a wharf. The large steamers bringing in emigrants had to stand off shore and freight and passengers were transported by smaller boats to shore. In 1830 the Cobourg Harbour Company was formed and a proper Harbour was built. The harbour was one of the finest on the Lake Ontario shoreline. Due to the good harbour Cobourg experienced large amounts of traffic in freight and newcomers to Canada and due to this increased in size. By the 1850's Cobourg was the 5th largest centre in Canada West and it had the most important central Lake Ontario port. Cobourg had a ferry that operated between it and Rochester in New York. It was a point for shipping lumber and agricultural products all over the lake. (Taken from: "Cobourg Early Days and Modern Times." Cobourg: Cobourg Book Committee, 1981.)

The Katchewanooka Herald is a handwritten newspaper created by agricultural students on Colonel Samuel Strickland's farm (the Agricultural College) during the mid-1800's. An article found in the February 15th, 1858 issue implies that the first volume covers the issues beginning April 14, 1856 and ending February 15, 1858. However, there are issues dated 1855. The words "Volume IInd" [Volume Two] are found in large script for the first time on the issue dated March 1st, 1858.

Cobourg is located in Hamilton Township, in the United Counties of Northumberland and Durham, on the north shore of Lake Ontario. The area was first settled in 1798 by Elias Nicholson who built his home within the limits of what was to become the town plot. Originally called Amherst, Cobourg has also been known by the names of Hamilton and Hardscrabble. In 1819, the developing town was given the name Cobourg. It was incorporated as a village in 1837 and incorporated as a town in 1850. (taken from "Illustrated Historical Atlas of Northumberland and Durham Counties, Ontario." Belleville: Mika Silk Screening Ltd., 1972.)

The Cobourg-Peterborough Railway Company was incorporated on November 11, 1852. Its purpose was to build a steam railway between the two cities, a distance of twenty-five miles interrupted by the waters of Rice Lake. This necessitated the building of a trestle nearly three miles long to carry the railway between the north and south banks of the lake. The citizens of Cobourg subscribed 125,000 pounds of the project. The construction contract was placed with Samuel Zimmerman and the first sod was turned on February 9, 1853. The first fifteen miles of the line were opened for traffic on May 19, 1854, and on November 15 of the same year, the Rice Lake Bridge was completed. The railway finally reached Peterborough on December 29, 1854. Unfortunately, during the winter, ice jams shook the flimsy Rice Lake bridge and by 1861 had destroyed it. Money difficulties, caused by expensive maintenance of the line and the rivalry of the Peterborough-Port Hope Railway which opened in August 1858 and took most of the Peterborough traffic, led the Company to the mineral industry in Marmora for financial assistance. In 1865, it was authorized to merge with the Marmora Iron Works on the August 15, 1866, and this alliance led to the incorporation of the Cobourg, Peterborough, Marmora Railway and Mining company. This arrangement was successful for only a short period of time. By 1883 the Company was once again losing money, In May 1886, the bondholders took action and the railway and its rolling stock were sold to Mr. T.P. Pearce. In June 1887, the Cobourg, Blairton, and Marmora Railway and Mining Company was incorporated and took over the residual assets of the previous company. Before the Railway could be put into operation the Grand Trunk Railway assumed control and the Company finally disappeared in the general almagamation of the Grand Trunk short lines on April 1, 1893. The Grand Trunk Railway was in turn acquired by the Canadian National Railway in 1923.

Cobourg is located in Hamilton Township, in the United Counties of Northumberland and Durham, on the north shore of Lake Ontario. The area was first settled in 1798 by Elias Nicholson who built his home within the limits of what was to become the town plot. Originally called Amherst, Cobourg has also been known by the names of Hamilton and Hardscrabble. In 1819, the developing town was given the name Cobourg. The post office was established by 1831 and the first postmaster was prominent businessman and merchant James G. Bethune. Cobourg was incorporated as a village in 1837 and incorporated as a town in 1850. (taken from "Illustrated Historical Atlas of Northumberland and Durham Counties, Ontario." Belleville: Mika Silk Screening Ltd., 1972.; and Guillet, E.C. "Cobourg 17798-1948." Oshawa: Goodfellow Printing Comapny Limited, 1948.)

"Kawartha Rail-Trail is a community based non-profit organization committed to the public ownership of abandoned Canadian National Railway (C.N.R.) lines in the Kawartha Lakes Region for recreation, conservation, and heritage purposes."(Taken from Kawartha Rail-Trail brochure in this accession). To date, Kawartha Rail-Trail extends from Lindsay in the west to Hastings in the east and Lakefield in the north. Kawartha Rail-Trail is a small part of the national Canadian Rails to Greenways Network and the Ontario Trail Council. Kawartha Rail-Trail has the potential to link its development to other developments existing in adjacent areas.

The Keystone View Company was established in the summer of 1892 by B.L. Singley, an enthusiastic amateur photographer in Meadville, Pennsylvania. Keystone was to become the most important publisher of stereographs in the twentieth century. Keystone went on to publish several series of stereograph cards such as images of mining and mineral industries, national parks of America, the world, American history, President McKinley's funeral, World War I, Cascade Park, and the Tennessee State Centennial. By 1920, Keystone was the only major publisher of stereographs in the world. They had offices in London, Paris, Sidney, Capetown, Rio de Janeiro and Tokyo. Part of this prominence was derived from the sale of World War I stereograph sets, as Keystone was one of the only publishers to secure permission to photograph battlefields and military operations. Unfortunately, permission was not granted until the end of 1918, just before Armistice, so many of the photographs depict scenes taken after the end of the war. The photographer of the World War I photographs was Andrew S. Iddings. The Keystone View Company ceased regular production in 1939 but continued to manufacture views for optometric purposes. As well, they filled individual orders for stereographs until 1970. (Taken from: Darrah, William C. "The World of Stereographs." Gettysburg: W.C. Darrah Publisher, 1977.)

Collect in the Kawarthas was written by Doris Unitt wife of Peter Unitt. The family operated an antique store for a number of years in Lakefield, Ontario and Dominic (Nick) Unitt drew maps of Ontario dealers in the area for collectors to visit. Mrs. Unitt wrote the first book of "Collect" in 1965 as a guide for visitors and friends in the area to indulge in their hobbies of collecting. She did not compile the book to "provide a price guide, nor write learnedly of antiques, curios or collectors items but to tell of people met, places visited and things found." (Intro. Collect in the Kawarthas.)

The Commission on Canadian Studies was established in 1972 by the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (AUCC). As stated in the introduction of "To Know Ourselves" (the Commission's report), the Commission: "was prompted by the growing interest in Canadian Studies at Canadian Universities...the Commission intended to assist the discussion and to further the development of studies related to Canada by providing accurate information about the present state of teaching and research in this area, and by directing attention to the possibilities of and needs for new programmes in the future." The Commission was to study, report and make recommendations about the state of teaching and research relating to Canadian Studies. The Commission defined Canadian Studies teaching or research in any field that promoted knowledge about Canada. The accomplishments of the Commission were extensive. Through public hearings, submitted briefs, surveys, questionnaires, meetings with representatives from educational institutions, government agencies, professional and academic societies, the Commission prompted considerable response. T.H.B. Symons was Chairman of the Commission.

Martyn's (Martin's) mill and dam was situated between Hilliard's Dam and Dickson's Dam on the Otonabee River immediately north of Judge Denistoun's Inverlea estate on the west side of the River. It was very close to the Otonabee and Smith Townships border. Beside the dam was a grist mill. A number of maps and plans were drawn up of the dam when a chancery case, Martyn vs. Nicholls, took place December 22, 1874. In the 1870/71 County of Peterborough Directory, published by J.C. Connor, three Martyns: John, M. and Richard are listed as millers.