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The Katchewanooka Herald is a handwritten newspaper created by agricultural students on Colonel Samuel Strickland's farm (the Agricultural College) during the mid-1800's. An article found in the February 15th, 1858 issue implies that the first volume covers the issues beginning April 14, 1856 and ending February 15, 1858. However, there are issues dated 1855. The words "Volume IInd" [Volume Two] are found in large script for the first time on the issue dated March 1st, 1858.

The Cobourg Harbour originally was a wharf. The large steamers bringing in emigrants had to stand off shore and freight and passengers were transported by smaller boats to shore. In 1830 the Cobourg Harbour Company was formed and a proper Harbour was built. The harbour was one of the finest on the Lake Ontario shoreline. Due to the good harbour Cobourg experienced large amounts of traffic in freight and newcomers to Canada and due to this increased in size. By the 1850's Cobourg was the 5th largest centre in Canada West and it had the most important central Lake Ontario port. Cobourg had a ferry that operated between it and Rochester in New York. It was a point for shipping lumber and agricultural products all over the lake. (Taken from: "Cobourg Early Days and Modern Times." Cobourg: Cobourg Book Committee, 1981.)

The Cobourg Foundry was established in Cobourg, Canada West in the 1850's and was operated by Andrew Jeffrey. The foundry manufactured steam engines, boilers, agricultural equipment, axes and other useful implements. (Taken from: Spilsbury, John R. "Cobourg: Early Days and Modern Times." Cobourg: Cobourg Book Committee, 1981.)

The Kanawa Canoe museum was located in Haliburton, Ontario. The director and founder was Professor Kirk Wipper of the University of Toronto. The Canadian Canoe Museum was taken over by a Board of Directors centered at Trent University beginning in 1990. This steering committee was set up in 1980 to investigate "the feasibility of establishing the Kanawa International Museum at Trent". A management consultant was subsequently hired to advise on the location and future development of Kanawa. Kanawa is now known as the Canadian Canoe Museum.

The Journal of Canadian Studies started off as an idea for a "Learned Journal" similar to the Queen's Quarterly but called the Trent Quarterly. As ideas were formulated by President T.H.B. Symons and others it came about that the need for a learned journal in Canadian Studies was necessary to the field of Canadian Studies. On 1 June 1964 during the first meeting of the Committee of the Learned Journal it was decided to call the new journal The Journal of Canadian Studies. Professor S.G. Denis Smith was chair of the meeting and other members in attendance at the meeting were Dean M.G. Fry, Mr. J.D.P. Martin and Professor J.S. Pettigrew. In the press release on 7 July 1964 issued by Trent University the Journal was to cover such Canadian topics as history, politics, anthropology, art, literature, theatre, economics and sociology. The Journal solicits manuscripts ranging from 2,000 to 10,000 words in length, English or French, dealing with some aspect of Canadian Society or history and of general as well as specialized scholarly interest. The first editor of the Journal was Denis Smith and the associate editor was Bernard R. Blishen. A number of Trent faculty members, such as Kenneth E. Kidd, T.H.B. Symons as well as Ronald J. Thom, sat on the editorial and advisory boards. The Journal was "founded in the belief that the life and history of Canada, still largely unexamined, deserve[d] common study by persons of many approaches and attitudes." (Journal of Canadian Studies Vol. 1, page 2). The symbol used to represent the Journal of Canadian Studies is Samuel de Champlain's astrolabe which he had lost in 1613 while crossing a portage in the upper Ottawa River valley. The astrolabe now resides in the Canadian Museum of History. From 1966 to 2015, the Journal of Canadian Studies was published quarterly by Trent University. Beginning with Volume 49.3 (Fall 2015), it became part of the University of Toronto Press’s Journals publishing program.

The Indian Crafts Foundation of Ontario came into being in early 1970 after more than a year of correspondence and planning. Its headquarters were in Toronto and included a staff of executive director and secretary plus a number of part-time craft teachers, buyers and others maintaining contact with native groups throughout the province. The aim of the Foundation was to encourage high-quality craft production by native peoples and to enable the marketing of those crafts. The Foundation experienced financial problems which led to its dissolution in 1973.

The Independent Order of Oddfellows was first officially established in 1843 with the American branch breaking away from the Manchester Unity. The first documented lodges were previous to 1843 in Halifax in 1815 and 1832. The next lodges documented were the ones established in 1843 and after. George Mathews, an engraver and lithographer, and John H. Hardie, a painter and decorator, are credited with being the fathers of the Independent Order of Oddfellows in Canada. Both the American Branch and the Manchester Unity were represented in Montreal when the first lodge became a reality. During 1844 a number of lodges expanded outside of Montreal. The Grand Lodge of Canada West was formed in 1855.(Taken from: History of Odd-Fellowship in Canada under Theold Regime. Brantford: Expositor Steam Painting House, 1879.)

The Ancient Order of Foresters originated in 1745 in Knarsborough, England. In 1864, the first Court in America, No. 4421, was established in Brooklyn, New York. By 1874, there were 64 Courts of the Ancient Order of Foresters in America. The members, desiring independence from the English organization, founded the Independent Order of Foresters at a National Convention on June 16, 1874. The Independent Order of Foresters established themselves in Canada on April 26, 1876 in London, Ontario, with the incorporation of Court Hope No. 1. The purpose of this organization was to act as a health and life insurance company for its members. The objectives of the Independent Order of Foresters were to unite fraternally all persons of sound body and mental health and good moral character, under the age of 55; to give moral and material aid to its members and their dependents; to educate the members socially, morally, and intellectually; to establish a fund for the relief of sick and distressed members; to create a benefit fund for death benefits for widows and dependents of members; and to secure for its members free medical attendance, a sick benefit, a funeral benefit, a pension plan for members over the age of 70, and disability benefits.

Ideal Vacations Co. Limited had its headquarters situated at the Lakefield Hotel on Highway 28. It operated a number of resorts for tourists to vacation at in the Haliburton and Kawartha areas. It offered individual housekeeping cottages which the Company maintained for vacationers. Some of the resorts were at Victoria Springs; Deer Bay; Trent Resort on the Trent River; Muskilodge on Stoney Lake and cottages on Chemong Lake, Stoney Lake and the Trent River.

The Hueston family (fl. 1918-1919) lived in Thorndale, Ontario.

The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) was chartered May 2, 1670 in London, England by Medard Chouart des Groseilliers and Pierre Esprit Radisson. They had failed to acquire support in France for a trading company that would reach the interior in the New World via Hudson Bay. In 1665 they approached Prince Rupert who was cousin to King Charles II. A number of English merchants, noblemen and the King backed the venture financially. In 1668 the Eaglet and the Nonsuch sailed to the New World. The HBC was a joint-stock company which had a centralized bureaucracy. The shareholders elected a governor and committee to organize fur auctions, order trade goods, hire men and arrange for shipping. A governor was appointed to act on the shareholders behalf in the Bay area and each post was staffed by a chief factor (trader) and council of officers. The HBC competed with the French for control of the fur trade until 1763. The HBC erected forts on the mouths of major rivers flowing into Hudson's Bay. By 1774 the HBC expanded inland onto the prairies and over to the Pacific Ocean. Eventually the HBC was helping provision newcomers and settlers to the area by acting as a trading post. Now the HBC is a major business retailer with its head office in Winnipeg, Manitoba. In 1978 it acquired the controlling interest in the Simpsons and Zellers retail chains. It is the oldest incorporated joint-stock merchandising company in the English-speaking world. (Taken from: The Canadian Encyclopedia. Edmonton: Hurtig Publishers, 1985.)

The law firm of Howell Fleming originated in the law practice of Stafford Frederick Kirkpatrick, a native of Ireland. Kirkpatrick emigrated to Canada and started practicing law in Cobourg, Ontario but since most of his clients were in Peterborough he established a practice in Peterborough in 1857. Kirkpatrick was the first full-time lawyer to establish a law firm in Peterborough. His first partner was Edward Armour Peck, Q.C. who joined the firm in 1881 and who played a major role in all levels of government in the area and the province. The next partner was Francis Dean Kerr, from Cobourg, who joined the firm in 1895. The firm was then called Kirkpatrick, Peck & Kerr. By 1912 the firm was called Peck, Kerr & McElderry. The firm continued to grow and change partners as some of the partners moved into other positions in the legal world. In 1941 Walter Harold Howell joined the firm of Peck, Kerr, McElderry & Howell. In January 1951 Alexander Fleming added his name to the practice's title. The name of the law practice changed frequently as partners were added to or left the firm. In 1965 Carol M. Huddart became the first female lawyer in the firm. The names of Howell and Fleming remained with the firm since 1941 when Walter Harold Howell joined the firm. In 1987 the firm changed its name to Howell, Fleming and in 1996 it is still known as thus. The law firm started by Kirkpatrick has always offered a full range of legal services to the residents of Peterborough and the community.

The Township of Hope is located in Durham County approximately 60 miles east of Toronto. It is surrounded by Northumberland, Cavan and Clarke townships, and Lake Ontario to the south. In 1792 Governor Simcoe issued the proclamation dividing Upper Canada into townships and the Township of Hope was formed. The township was named after Colonel Henry Hope, who was the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec from 1785-1789. (taken from The History of the Township of Hope by Harold Reeve, 1967).

Cavan Township is located in the United Counties of Northumberland and Durham which were established in 1798 by a Proclamation given by John Graves Simcoe. It is bounded on the north by the Township of Emily in Victoria County, on the west by Manvers Township, on the south by Hope Township and on the east by South Monaghan and part of Peterborough Township. It is named after a county in Northern Ireland by early settlers to the area. John Deyell from County Monaghan, Ireland was one of the first settlers to Cavan Township in 1816.

The West Island Naturalists' Club was formed in 1972. In 1974 the name was changed to the Catharine Traill Naturalists' Club in honour of one of Canada's first botanists and naturalists. The club is supported by the staff of John Abbott College and Macdonald College of McGill University. The Club intended to draw members from the Robert Baldwin, Vaudreuil and Soulange Counties but has many national and a few international members including the British Museum, which keeps Club newsletters on file. Membership has often exceeded two hundred persons. The objective of the club is to encourage conservation and foster understanding of everything in local environment and surrounding areas. This is achieved through series of lectures and field trips based on a variety of subjects found in the natural environment. The Club first dealt with its own region, but, as its membership grew it was able to help lobby for other regions.

Heritage Peterborough was first organized May 11, 1984 in the Board Room of Peterborough and Kawartha Tourist and Convention Bureau. The Peterborough and Kawartha Tourist and Convention Bureau, the Peterborough Historical Society and the Peterborough Architectural Conservation Advisory Committee joined together to form Heritage Peterborough out of a concern due to the lack of interest and publicity for Peterborough's heritage. Their aim was to encourage wide interest, research and awareness of 150 years of historical growth of the city and county. They did this through developing projects that would advertise Peterborough City and County to tourists and citizens. Projects such as a "lure piece" or glossy brochure with a map and small write-ups on various historical sites; calendars, placemats and walking and driving tours were developed to aid in the advertising. Funding for the projects came from the New Horizons programme, Health and Welfare Canada and the Peterborough City and County councils.

The Grand Trunk Railway (GTR) was built to provide a main trunk line throughout the entire length of the Province of Canada. Under the sponsorship of Sir Francis Hincks, the Grand Trunk Railway was formally incorporated in 1852 to build a railway line from Toronto to Montreal. The Grand Trunk Railway of Canada East was also incorporated to build a line from Quebec City to Trois Pistoles, Quebec. The GTR also purchased the newly completed St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad in 1853. Much of the financing for the Railway was to come from investors in England, and as a result, much of the construction of the new lines was done by English construction firms. The "Trunk-Line" from Montreal to Toronto opened in 1856. The railway expanded quickly, existing small railway companies were purchased, and new lines were added, some of which were destined for the United States. By 1867, the GTR was the largest railway system in the world with 2 055 km of track. By the 1880's the company had over 700 locomotives, 578 cars, 60 post-office cars, 131 baggage cars, 18 000 freight cars and 49 snow plows. The high cost of construction, absentee management (Head Office in England), and failure to generate anticipated levels of traffic left the GTR debt ridden and unable to upgrade its equipment. In October 1919, the federal government took over the GTR after a disasterous attempt to create a transcontinental railway with the creation of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway. The GTR and the GTPR were placed under the management of the Canadian National Railways on January 30, 1923. ( Taken from: "The Canadian Encyclopedia." Edmonton: Hurtig Publishers Ltd., 1985.)

Some members of the Hay and Dunlop families are descendants of Thomas Alexander Stewart (1786-1847) and Frances Stewart (1794-1872), Irish immigrants who arrived in Cobourg, Ontario from Ireland in 1822 and settled the following year in Douro Township near the present city of Peterborough.

The Gummed Address Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States was a mail order company for a number of different objects such as Magic Lanterns, Magic Kits as well as games, tricks and home amusements, rubber stamps and ink, song books, gummed address labels, watches and cameras. The Gummed Address Company resided at 126 South Eighth Street in Pennsylvania and George R. Allen was the manager in 1892.

The Grafton Woman's Missionary Society was a group established at the Methodist Church in Grafton. The Auxiliary members belonged to Grafton's Church of England in Brighton, Ontario, which is in the Bay of Quinte Conference.

Gordon Mackay & Company was a retail/wholesale dry goods business operating throughout Canada. It was established in 1853, by two Scotsmen, John Gordon and John Mackay, who formed a partnership for the wholesale distribution of dry-goods in the City of Hamilton, Canada West. The company was called Gordon & Mackay. In 1859, the Company moved to Toronto, first locating at Wellington Street East, and then at the corner of Bay and Front Streets. In 1899, the Company was incorporated as Gordon Mackay Co. Limited. The great fire of 1904 in Toronto destroyed the Gordon Mackay warehouse. The first retail store was acquired in 1911, and over the next 50 years other stores were added. The more notable retail stores developed include Smith's of Windsor and the Walker Stores chain of department stores. By the early 1960's Gordon Mckay & Company had converted all of its wholesale business to retail.

The Honourable Robert Hamilton (1826-1891) was a factor of the Hudson's Bay Company who was stationed at Fort Edmonton. He married Ann (Annie) Seaborn (Seabourne) Miles (born in 1838 at Rupert's House d. 1863). Annie's mother was Elizabeth (Betsy) Sinclair (b. ca. 1805 and d. 1878) and her father was Robert Seaborn Miles Sr. (1795-1870). Like Robert Hamilton, Robert Miles Sr. was a Chief Factor of the Hudson's Bay Company. One of Robert and Annie's sons, Robert Miles Hamilton (1864-1939), married Alice May Barker and resided at "Auburn" in Peterborough, Ontario. Alice's father was the Honourable Samuel Barker, a Conservative Member of Parliament and a barrister. Alice and Robert Hamilton's children were Miles Beresford Hamilton, Robert Barker Hamilton, Alice Seabourne Hamilton, and S.R. Hamilton (male). Both Beresford and Robert Barker Hamilton served overseas during World War I. Alice Seabourne Hamilton married Charles Norman Geale.

Edward Armour Peck, whose papers are also included in this fonds, was the natural father of Arthur Henry Peck and the adoptive father of Charles Norman Geale. Edward Armour Peck was married to Kitty Revel.

Richard Birdsall Rogers was born at Ashburnham in 1857. He was the son of Robert David Rogers and Elizabeth Birdsall and a grandson of Richard Birdsall. He lived in Ashburnham until 1916 and then moved to "Beechwood Farm" in Douro Township. He was a land surveyor and was appointed Superintending Engineer of the Trent Valley Canal in about 1884. During his time in this office, he built the Peterborough-Lakefield Division and the Simcoe-Balsam Lake Division of the Trent Canal including the Hydraulic Lift Locks at Peterborough and Kirkfield, besides many dams and other works on this canal. Richard married Clara Mina Calcutt of Peterborough in 1881. They had seven children. Their daughter, Leah, married Herbert Geale, the brother of Charles Norman. Two of Richard and Mina's sons, Heber and Harry, served overseas in World War I.

Cape Croker Indian Reserve is located near Georgian Bay on the Bruce Peninsula in Ontario. The town of Cape Croker is a native reserve and is home to the Chippewas of Nawash First Nation. The Chippewas of Nawash refer to themselves as Anishnabe. Artifactual evidence suggests that aboriginal people have used the area of Cape Croker for over 2000 years, and oral history records that the waters around Cape Croker were a healing and burial site for Ojibwa from a much larger area. The Chippewas surrendered most of their lands in the treaty of 1857 with the promise from the Canadian government that their sacred burial grounds would be protected. In 2000, the bands of Saugeen and Nawash signed a fishing agreement with the Ontario government which allowed them to fish commercially in the Cape Croker area.

The Canadian Red Cross was established by Surgeon-Major George Sterling Ryerson. He participated in the North-West Rebellion of 1885 and used a red cross to protect his horse-drawn ambulance. The Red Cross Society was founded by Henri Dunant in Geneva, Switzerland in an effort to gain neutral status for medical personnel during war time in order to help the wounded. The Society spread throughout the world and it was formally established in Canada by Major Ryerson in 1896. In 1909 the Canadian Red Cross was incorporated by the federal government. It has been active in setting up outpost hospitals in remote parts of the country. It offers a wide range of services in addition to the national blood transfusion service. (Taken from: "The Canadian Encyclopedia." Edmonton: Hurtig Publishers, 1985.)

In 1859, the Crown Lands Department in Canada advertised a block of land for sale in the District of Haliburton. The purpose for the sale of the land was to promote rapid settlement of the newly created townships in the District through private enterprise. The townships included in the sale were Dysart, Dudley, Harcourt, Gilford, Harburn, Bruton, Havelock, Eyre, Clyde, and Langford. In 1861, the land was purchased by a group of English gentlemen, headed by the Honourable Mr. Justice T.C. Haliburton, and the Canada Land and Emigration Company Limited was formed under the laws of Great Britain in 1862. The purpose of the Company was to sell land to settlers, and in return, the Company built roads, conducted surveys, and built saw and grist mills. From 1863 to 1870, a large number of emigrants came to settle in the region. In 1869, Messrs. Boyd, Smith & Company, lumbermen from Port Hope, obtained the timber rights on the Company's lands in the townships of Dudley, Gilford, and Havelock. The lumber business caused an economic boom in the region. By 1871, the Company had sold 16,650 acres to settlers and a number of town lots to various purchasers. In 1872, the Company built a road between the villages of Kenneway and Haliburton. Also, the Company contributed greatly to the cost of the connection of a telegraph line to Haliburton. In 1877, the Company contributed to the construction of the Victoria Railroad Company line from Kinmount to Haliburton with the hopes of increasing settlement in the Townships. This did not happen. By 1883, the Province of Ontario had begun to open up neighbouring townships with offers of free land grants. The Company was unable to cope with this competition. As a result, the Company decided to offer for sale its complete holdings and undertakings in Canada. The Company was purchased by W.H. Lockhart Gordon and James Irwin on April 11, 1883. It should be noted that Mr. Irwin had previously been involved in lumbering in the area, beginning in 1877, and had entered into partnership with Mr. Boyd, who was already involved in the timber industry at that time. On April 10, 1889, Letters of Patent were issued by the Province of Ontario incorporating the new Canadian Land and Immigration Company of Haliburton Limited. From 1890 to 1897 little activity took place. Sales of land and timber cutting right had practically ceased. In 1895, Mr. Irwin declared bankrupcty and the bank (most likely the Canadian Bank of Commerce) took possesion of his rights and interest in Haliburton, which included Irwin's shares in the new Company. During the 1920's the Company sold the entire township of Bruton to the Ontario Hydro-Electric Commission and proceeds from the sale allowed the Company to buy back from the bank the timber cutting rights previously licensed to Irwin. During the depression, lumbering activities ceased once again, but as more roads were constructed, the region began to develop as a tourist and vacation area, and land sales began to increase. At the outbreak of World War II, lumbering activities intensified, and carried on into the post-war years. By the end of 1946, all of the land originally purchased by the Company had been sold. The Canadian Land and Immigration wound up its affairs, surrendered its charter, and ceased to exist. (Taken from a history of the Canandian Land and Emigration Co. Limited located in 77-024/14/12, and Cummings, H.R. "Early Days in Haliburton." Ontario: Department of Lands and Forests, 1963.)